基于新型矢量天线阵的来波参数估计算法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.10.02

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 3283-3294.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.10.02

• 电子技术 • 上一篇

基于新型矢量天线阵的来波参数估计算法

孟凡计¹, 贾凡沂¹(), 李霁衡¹(), 钟勉²(), 周超²()

1. 电子科技大学航空航天学院，四川成都 611731
2. 中国民用航空飞行学院，四川广汉 618307

收稿日期:2025-07-19 接受日期:2025-11-04 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-09-30
通讯作者: 孟凡计 E-mail:1246604090@qq.com;gatsby1019@163.com;mianzhong@cafuc.edu.cn;zhouchao@cafuc.edu.cn
作者简介:孟凡计（1980—），男，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为无线电测向
贾凡沂（2000—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为无线电测向
李霁衡（2001—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为信号抗干扰
钟　勉（1984—），男，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为电磁干扰防护
周　超（1980—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为电磁干扰防护
基金资助:
民航飞行技术与飞行安全重点实验室研究项目(FZ2022ZZ03) 资助课题

Estimation algorithm of incoming wave parameters based on novel vector antenna array

Fanji Meng¹, Fanyi Jia¹(), Jiheng Li¹(), Mian Zhong²(), Chao Zhou²()

1. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics，University of Electronic Science and Technology of China，Chengdu 611731，China
2. Civil Aviation Flight University of China，Guanghan 618307，China

Received:2025-07-19 Accepted:2025-11-04 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-09-30
Contact: Fanji Meng E-mail:1246604090@qq.com;gatsby1019@163.com;mianzhong@cafuc.edu.cn;zhouchao@cafuc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对完整电磁矢量传感器各天线之间互耦严重导致信号接收效率低下，以及磁环的接收信号十分微弱，不利于后续的信号处理等问题，提出一种基于分离式长电偶极子的来波参数估计算法，该方法舍弃磁环而只使用电偶极子进行参数估计。为弥补磁场信号的缺失，采用两组残缺矢量天线组成矢量天线阵。为改善该模型下的模糊估计问题，将第二组矢量天线进行旋转。首先建立来波信号模型，再利用秩亏多信号分类(multiple signal classification，MUSIC)算法获得来波方向参数估计值，最后再运用一次MUSIC算法获得来波极化参数估计值。仿真结果显示该方法仅需六通道的数据即可获得无模糊的来波参数估计结果。

关键词: 电磁矢量天线, 分离式长电偶极子, 多信号分类算法, 模糊估计

Abstract:

In response to the serious mutual coupling between the antennas of a complete electromagnetic vector sensor, which leads to low signal reception efficiency, and the weak signal received by the magnetic ring, which is not conducive to subsequent signal processing, this paper proposes a wave parameter estimation algorithm based on a separated long electric dipole. This method abandons the magnetic ring and only uses the electric dipole for parameter estimation. In order to make up for the lack of magnetic field signal, two sets of three orthogonal dipoles need to be used. To mitigate the ambiguity estimation issue in the model, the second vector antenna array is rotated. Firstly, the incoming wave signal model is established, and then the rank loss multiple signal classification （MUSIC） algorithm is used to obtain the estimated value of the incoming wave direction parameter, finally the estimation value of incoming wave polarization parameters is obtained by using MUSIC algorithm. The simulation results show that this method can get the unambiguous estimation results of arrival parameters only by using six channels of data.

Key words: electromagnetic vector antenna, separated long electric dipole, multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, ambiguity estimation

中图分类号:

TN 975

孟凡计, 贾凡沂, 李霁衡, 钟勉, 周超. 基于新型矢量天线阵的来波参数估计算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(10): 3283-3294.

Fanji Meng, Fanyi Jia, Jiheng Li, Mian Zhong, Chao Zhou. Estimation algorithm of incoming wave parameters based on novel vector antenna array[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(10): 3283-3294.

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幅度不一致性/%	相位不一致性/（°）	θ估计误差/（°）	φ估计误差/（°）	η估计误差/（°）	γ估计误差/（°）
5	5	0	0	1	1
7	5	1	1	3	3
10	5	3	3	6	6
13	5	4	4	7	8
5	7	1	1	2	2
5	10	2	2	4	4
5	12	3	3	6	6

SNR/dB	θ估计误差/（°）	φ估计误差/（°）	η估计误差/（°）	γ估计误差/（°）
>10	0°	0	0	0
10	0	0	0	1
7	0	0	1	1
5	1	1	3	1
3	3	2	5	4
1	4	3	10	7

SNR/dB	θ估计误差/（°）	φ估计误差/（°）	η估计误差/（°）	γ估计误差/（°）
>10	0	0	0	0
10	0	0	0	1
7	0	0	1	1
5	1	0	2	1
3	2	2	4	3
1	4	2	8	6

[1]	赵筱彤, 周建江. 低截获MIMO雷达改进MUSIC算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(2): 490-497.
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[3]	张静, 廖桂生, 张洁. 强信号背景下基于噪声子空间扩充的弱信号DOA估计方法[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2009, 31(6): 1279-1283.

基于新型矢量天线阵的来波参数估计算法

Estimation algorithm of incoming wave parameters based on novel vector antenna array

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