基于单基地雷达的进动锥柱体目标三维微动参数估计

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.07.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有基于多基雷达观测的空间目标三维微动特征方法存在部署成本高、数据处理难度大等问题，提出一种基于单基雷达的进动锥柱体目标三维微动参数估计方法。在分析进动锥柱体上固定散射点与滑动散射点回波微多普勒效应的基础上，首先基于固定散射点模型提取目标进动角、底面半径等微动参数，然后利用锥柱接合面的滑动散射特性进一步提取锥柱体目标的锥体高度、柱体高度及半锥角等三维微动参数。所提方法能够准确提取出目标微动参数以及几何信息，仿真实验验证了其有效性及在不同信噪比下的性能。

关键词: 三维微动特征, 进动锥柱体, 单基地雷达, 微多普勒效应

Abstract:

Existing methods for three-dimensional micro-motion characteristics of space targets based on multi-base radar observations have problems such as high deployment costs and high difficulty in data processing. To address this problem, a method for three-dimensional micro-motion parameters estimation of precession cone-cylinder targets based on monostatic radar is proposed. On the basis of analyzing the micro-Doppler effect of the echo from fixed scatterers and sliding scatterers on the precession cone-cylinder, first, the micro-motion parameters such as the precession angle and the bottom radius of the target are extracted based on the fixed scatterer model. Then, the three-dimensional micro-motion parameters such as the height of the cone, the height of the cylinder, and the semi-cone angle of the cone-cylinder target are further extracted by utilizing the sliding scattering characteristics of the joint surface of cone and cylinder. The proposed method accurately extracts the micro-motion parameters and geometric information of cone-cylinder targets. Simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and its performance under different signal-to-noise ratios.

Key words: three-dimensional micro-motion characteristics, precession cone-cylinder, monostatic radar, micro-Doppler effect

中图分类号:

TN 958

徐富龙, 袁航, 罗迎, 李开明. 基于单基地雷达的进动锥柱体目标三维微动参数估计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(7): 2251-2263.

Fulong XU, Hang YUAN, Ying LUO, Kaiming LI. Three-dimensional micro-motion parameters estimation of precession cone-cylinder targets based on monostatic radar[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(7): 2251-2263.

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参数	值
载频/GHz	10
质心位置/km	（300，100，600）
自旋角频率/rad	25.13
锥旋角频率/rad	6.28
r/m	0.5
H/m	1.383 1
h/m	0.386 8
$\theta $/rad	0.174 5
$\gamma $/rad	2.342 5
$\alpha $/rad	0.687 3
${{\boldsymbol{\omega }}_s''}$	（0.350，−0.494，0.796）
${{\boldsymbol{\omega }}_c''}$	（0.500, −0.500, 0.707）
尾翼矢量${\boldsymbol{R}}^{'}_{A} $	（−0.118, 0.673, −0.141）
尾翼矢量${\boldsymbol{R}}^{'}_{B} $	（0.118, −0.673, −0.141）

参数	估计值	理想值
$ \left(a_{1}, \;b_{1},\; c_1\right) $	（659.28, 31.41, 3.11）	（659.62, 31.40, 3.14）
$ \left(a_{2}, \;b_{2}, \;c_{2}\right) $	（112.44, 25.13, −1.38）	（112.15, 25.12, −1.52）
$ \left(a_{3},\; b_{3}, \;c_{3}\right) $	（22.45, 6.28, 1.35）	（22.43, 6.28, 1.35）
$ \left(a_{4}, \;b_{4},\; c_{4}\right) $	（3.02, 18.85, −2.73）	（3.02, 18.84, −2.75）

参数	估计值	理想值
${{\boldsymbol{\omega }}_s''}$	（0.329, −0.491, 0.807）	（0.350, −0.494, 0.796）
${{\boldsymbol{\omega }}_c''}$	（0.479, −0.503, 0.719）	（0.500, −0.500, 0.707）
${\boldsymbol{R'}}$	（−0.096, 0.676, −0.156）	（−0.118, 0.673, −0.141）

参数	估计值	理想值	误差/%
$\theta $/rad	0.174 0	0.174 5	0.28
$\gamma $/rad	2.344 8	2.342 5	0.09
$h'$/m	0.489 2	0.486 5	0.55
r/m	0.500 9	0.500 0	0.18
$\alpha $/rad	0.685 9	0.687 3	0.20

参数	估计值	理想值	误差/%
x/m	0.101 3	0.100 0	1.30
$\psi $/rad	0.345 0	0.346 9	0.54
H/m	1.393 6	1.383 1	0.76
h/m	0.387 9	0.386 8	0.28