鲁棒性非线性动力学辐射源指纹特征提取方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.04.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

辐射源系统特有的非线性可用于辐射源指纹识别(radio frequency fingerprinting, RFF)。特别地，基于非线性动力学重构相空间(reconstructed phase space, RPS)的特征对线性信道具有天然优势，且对细微差异更加敏感。然而，该方法在非理想场景中同样面临着鲁棒性不足的问题。为此, 分析非线性动力学基础与其对应的RFF机理, 结合实际非理想应用场景完善了相关理论模型; 在此基础上，构造相空间K阶状态转移矩阵, 提出通过表征K阶状态转移矩阵的特性来提取RFF特征的方法, 并通过理论证明其鲁棒性。基于多种实测和仿真数据在随机扰动、多径衰落等场景下进行细致实验, 结果表明所提方法特征机理清晰、计算简单, 在多种场景下均表现出明显的鲁棒性优势, 具有较高的应用价值。

关键词: 辐射源指纹识别, 非线性动力学, 重构相空间, 无意调制

Abstract:

The uniqe nonlinear characteristic of the emitter system can be used in the radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) technique. Especially, the nonlinear dynamics reconstructed phase space (RPS) feature has a natural advantage over the linear channel and is more sensitive to the subtle differences. However, it is also not robust enough under non-ideal scenarios. To solve this problem, the basis of nonlinear dynamics and its corresponding mechanism for RFF are analyzed, and the relevant theoretical model related to real and non-ideal application scenarios is improved in this paper.On this basis, the phase space K-order state transfer matrix is constructed, and the method to extract the RFF feature by characterising the properties of the K-order state transfer matrix is proposed, and its robustness is theoretically analyzed.Multiple experiments are carried out with the scenarios of random turbulence and multipath fading with real test and simulation data and the results show that the proposed feature is simple to compute, clear in mechanism, and has an obvious robustness advantage in many scenarios and high application value.

Key words: radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF), nonlinear dynamics, reconstructed phase space (RPS), unintentional modulation (UM)

中图分类号:

TN97

孙丽婷, 柳征, 黄知涛. 鲁棒性非线性动力学辐射源指纹特征提取方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(4): 1048-1056.

Liting SUN, Zheng LIU, Zhitao HUANG. Robust radio frequency fingerprinting feature extraction method based on nonlinear dynamics[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(4): 1048-1056.

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辐射源	滤波器失真		I/Q不平衡		功率放大器	杂散单音与载频泄露
辐射源	(a₀, a₁, α₁)	(b₀, b₁, β₁)	G	τ	(a₁, a₂, a₃)	a_ST	f_ST	ξ(10^－3)
R1	(1, 0.030, 0.25)	(1, 0.030 2, 0.25)	0.999 8	-0.018	(1, 0.50, 0.30)	0.008 2	0.012 9	1.3+8.2j
R2	(1, 0.060, 0.25)	(1, 0.029 5, 0.25)	1.005 6	0.017 5	(1, 0.08, 0.60)	0.007 5	0.013 2	1.5+7.2j
R3	(1, 0.085, 0.25)	(1, 0.029 0, 0.25)	1.010 2	0.012	(1, 0.01, 0.01)	0.007	0.012 3	1.1+6.8j
R4	(1, 0.073, 0.25)	(1, 0.031 0, 0.25)	0.999 2	0.003	(1, 0.01, 0.40)	0.008 7	0.013 5	1.7+9.0j
R5	(1, 0.040, 0.25)	(1, 0.031 3, 0.25)	0.998 2	0.024	(1, 0.60, 0.08)	0.009	0.011 9	2.0+6.5j

场景	信道延迟系数λ	信道衰减值方差σ²
L1	[1 0 0 1 0]	[0.8, 0, 0, 0.2, 0]
L2	[1 0 1 0 1]	[0.8, 0, 0.13, 0, 0.07]
L3	[1 1 1 1 1]	[0.865, 0.117, 0.016, 0.002, 0.000 3]

方法	SNR/dB	信道
方法	SNR/dB	L1	L2	L3	均值
K-STM	25	0.956	0.956	0.960	0.957
K-STM	30	0.976	0.976	0.992	0.981
Angle	25	0.924	0.880	0.958	0.921
Angle	30	0.944	0.896	0.988	0.943
Pe	25	0.444	0.336	0.328	0.369
Pe	30	0.532	0.536	0.496	0.521
EVM	25	0.584	0.352	0.380	0.439
EVM	30	0.720	0.584	0.792	0.699
I/Q	25	0.420	0.260	0.300	0.327
I/Q	30	0.516	0.372	0.592	0.493

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