地月平动点高轨观测系统设计及效能分析

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.02.19

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 527-534.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.02.19

• 系统工程 • 上一篇

地月平动点高轨观测系统设计及效能分析

张靖鹏¹^,²^,*, 陈起行¹^,², 夏明¹^,², 董磊¹^,², 郑珍珍¹^,², 颜九妹¹^,², 姬聪云¹^,², 王妍卉¹^,²

1. 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院, 上海 201304
2. 上海微小卫星工程中心, 上海 201304

收稿日期:2024-01-08 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-03-18
通讯作者: 张靖鹏
作者简介:张靖鹏(1995—), 男, 助理研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为空间态势感知、卫星总体设计
陈起行(1990—), 女, 副研究员, 硕士, 主要研究方向为空间态势感知、效能仿真、总体设计
夏明(1998—), 男, 助理研究员, 硕士, 主要研究方向为空间态势感知、卫星总体设计
董磊(1986—), 男, 研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为空间态势感知、卫星总体设计
郑珍珍(1984—), 女, 研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为空间态势感知、卫星总体设计
颜九妹(1996—), 女, 助理研究员, 硕士, 主要研究方向为空间态势感知、轨道设计
姬聪云(1991—), 女, 副研究员, 硕士, 主要研究方向为空间态势感知、任务规划
王妍卉(1994—), 女, 助理研究员, 硕士, 主要研究方向为空间态势感知、数据处理
基金资助:
中国科学院青促会基金(202294);青年拔尖人才计划(29Y1ZKRCYG01);中国科学院特别研究助理资助项目(Y3ZKRCYG01)

Design and performance analysis of high-orbit observation system at earth-moon libration points

Jingpeng ZHANG¹^,²^,*, Qihang CHEN¹^,², Ming XIA¹^,², Lei DONG¹^,², Zhenzhen ZHENG¹^,², Jiumei YAN¹^,², Congyun JI¹^,², Yanhui WANG¹^,²

1. Institute of Microsatellite Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201304, China
2. Shanghai Microsatellite Engineering Center, Shanghai 201304, China

Received:2024-01-08 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-18
Contact: Jingpeng ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足高轨目标实时观测和异动感知的需求, 面对愈发严峻的地月空间争夺态势, 设计一种运行于地月平动点(L3、L4、L5点)的三星星座系统, 并完成了对地球同步轨道(geostationary earth orbit, GEO)目标实时观测的双临边、双视场工作模式设计。基于高轨目标实时观测系统的性能需求, 通过理论分析计算出卫星搭载相机的视场需求为4°×10.5°、探测灵敏度需求为21 Mv, 地气光离轴角需求为3.5°, 太阳光抑制角需求为50°。通过效能仿真计算, 所提三星系统可以错开不同卫星相机的逆光不可工作时间, 达到10年期全天时100%的GEO带区域覆盖率, 验证了相机需求理论分析的可靠性。同时, 目标覆盖仿真结果显示, 4个典型节气的24 h典型目标双重覆盖率可以达到41.3%~98.3%, 可以有效提高编目精度、定轨精度和目标检测概率, 降低对异动感知的虚警率。

关键词: 地月平动点, 高轨目标, 星座设计, 相机需求, 效能分析

Abstract:

According to the requirements of real-time observation and abnormal motion perception of high-orbit targets, a tribe-satellite constellation system at the earth-moon libration points (L3/L4/L5 point) is designed and the working mode design of double-edge and double-field of view for real-time observation of geostationary earth orbit (GEO) targets is completed. Based on the real-time requirements from high-orbit target observation system, the result of theoretical analysis showes the demand field of view of camera equipped on satellite is 4°×10.5°, the detection sensitivity is 21Mv, the exclusion angle earth-atmosphere radiation demand is 3.5° and the solar suppression angle demand is 50°. Through the efficiency simulation calculation, the proposed tribe-satellites system can stagger the backlight non-working time of different cameras equipped on satellites and achieve 100% GEO area coverage rate in 10 years, which verifies the reliability of the theoretical analysis for the demand of camera. At the same time, it can be found from the simulation results of target coverage rate that the double coverage rate of typical targets in 24 hours in four typical solar terms can reach 41.3%~98.3%, which can effectively improve the accuracy of cataloguing, orbit determination and target detection probability, and reduce the false alarm rate of abnormal motion perception.

Key words: earth-moon libration point, high-orbit target, constellation design, demand of camera, efficiency analysis

中图分类号:

V412.4

张靖鹏, 陈起行, 夏明, 董磊, 郑珍珍, 颜九妹, 姬聪云, 王妍卉. 地月平动点高轨观测系统设计及效能分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(2): 527-534.

Jingpeng ZHANG, Qihang CHEN, Ming XIA, Lei DONG, Zhenzhen ZHENG, Jiumei YAN, Congyun JI, Yanhui WANG. Design and performance analysis of high-orbit observation system at earth-moon libration points[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(2): 527-534.

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平动点	轨道类型	轨道周期/d	轨道幅值/×10⁴ km	10y维持代价/(m/s)
L3	Lyapunov	27.4	均为x < 2	11.2
L4	拟周期	≈30	y < 4	＜2
L5	拟周期	≈30	z≈0	＜2

日期	覆盖方式	0°倾角目标弧长	5°倾角目标弧长	10°倾角目标弧长	15°倾角目标弧长
春分	双重覆盖	10.9	12.3	11.5	12.2
夏至	双重覆盖	22.5	23.6	21.3	23.6
夏至	三重覆盖	4.6	5.4	4.5	4.4
秋分	双重覆盖	12.2	13.1	13.0	12.9
冬至	双重覆盖	9.9	12.6	12.7	12.4

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地月平动点高轨观测系统设计及效能分析

Design and performance analysis of high-orbit observation system at earth-moon libration points

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