面向月表多设施通信网络的通信塔部署方案

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.02.37

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 729-739.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.02.37

• 通信与网络 • 上一篇

面向月表多设施通信网络的通信塔部署方案

覃凯¹, 顾术实¹^,²^,*, 张智凯¹, 王玉¹, 刘倩³, 赵晨³, 张钦宇¹^,²

1. 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)电子与信息工程学院, 广东深圳 518055
2. 广东省空天通信与网络技术重点实验室, 广东深圳 518055
3. 上海宇航系统工程研究所, 上海 201109

收稿日期:2022-11-15 出版日期:2024-01-25 发布日期:2024-02-06
通讯作者: 顾术实
作者简介:覃凯(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为月面分布式通信网络
顾术实(1986—), 男, 副教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为深空通信、卫星通信
张智凯(1994—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为分布式卫星网络
王玉(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为分布式通信与计算
刘倩(1993—), 女, 工程师, 硕士, 主要研究方向为航天器测控数传通信、综合电子系统设计
赵晨(1984—), 女, 高级工程师, 硕士, 主要研究方向为深空探测飞行器总体设计
张钦宇(1972—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为空间通信、无线通信
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(62271165);国家自然科学基金(61831008);国家自然科学基金(62027802);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515011572);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2023A1515030297)

Communication tower deployment scheme for lunar surface multi-device communication networks

Kai QIN¹, Shushi GU¹^,²^,*, Zhikai ZHANG¹, Yu WANG¹, Qian LIU³, Chen ZHAO³, Qinyu ZHANG¹^,²

1. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
3. Shanghai Institute of Aerospace System Engineering, Shanghai 201109, China

Received:2022-11-15 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-02-06
Contact: Shushi GU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为在月球建立长期驻留的月面科研基地, 实现局部网络的通信覆盖, 提出了月球通信塔(lunar communication tower, LCT)的模型设计方法和多基站的部署方案。通过对月面探测任务与月表多设施通信网络的需求分析, 设计了LCT的功能模块和模型结构。引入基于地理信息的覆盖场强预测模型, 结合月表地形对通信链路的损耗影响, 评估了多基站通信塔的有效覆盖与传输速率指标。在部署方案上, 首先, 在月球南极光照区范围内采用遍历法得到覆盖平均场强最大的主基站部署位置; 随后, 采用遗传算法最大化主基站半径10 km范围内的覆盖场强, 对月球表面特定区域进行搜索, 获取多个副基站的最佳部署位置; 最后, 针对集中式和分布式通信塔主、副基站的部署方案, 进行了对应于CCSDS Proximity-1协议、长期演进(long term evolution, LTE)、Wi-Fi制式下覆盖性和传输速率的仿真分析, 充分验证了月表多设施通信网络建设的可行性。

关键词: 月球通信塔, 月表地理信息, ITU-RP.526模型, 场强预测, 遗传算法

Abstract:

In order to establish a long-term lunar research base and realize the communication coverage of local network, a lunar communication tower (LCT) model and a deployment scheme of multiple base stations are proposed. The functional modules and model structure of LCT are designed by analyzing the requirements of the lunar exploration mission and the lunar surface multi-device communication network. Combining the coverage field strength prediction model based on terrain geometry with the communication link loss by lunar surface terrain. This paper evaluates the effective coverage and transmission rate of multiple LCTs. In terms of deployment scheme, this paper firstly obtains the location of the main base station with the maximum covering average field strength by using ergodic algorithm within the lunar south pole illumination region. Then, this paper uses the genetic algorithm to search the optimal deployment locations of several sub-base stations, which maximizes the coverage field strength within the area with a radius of 10 km. Finally, the deployment schemes of the centralized and distributed main and sub stations of communication tower are simulated to show the coverage performance and transmission rate of CCSDS Proximity-1 protocol, long term evolution (LTE), and Wi-Fi, which fully verifies the feasibility of the multi-device communication network construction on the lunar surface.

Key words: lunar communication tower (LCT), lunar surface terrain geometry, ITU-RP.526 model, field strength prediction, genetic algorithm

中图分类号:

V433.1

覃凯, 顾术实, 张智凯, 王玉, 刘倩, 赵晨, 张钦宇. 面向月表多设施通信网络的通信塔部署方案[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(2): 729-739.

Kai QIN, Shushi GU, Zhikai ZHANG, Yu WANG, Qian LIU, Chen ZHAO, Qinyu ZHANG. Communication tower deployment scheme for lunar surface multi-device communication networks[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(2): 729-739.

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任务类型	覆盖范围/km	终端数量	通信速率
机器人探索	0~20	1~5	200 kbps
人类移动探索	0~250	5~10	20 Mbps
月面前哨战探索	0~40	15	80 Mbps

环境参数	数值
月球半径a_e/km	1 738
月表电导率σ/(S/m)	10^-10
月表介电常数ε	3

频段	频率	传输损耗	天线口径	频带资源
S	2.4 GHz	较大	较小	丰富
UHF	300 MHz	较小	较大	缺乏

基站	仿真参数	参数含义	数值
MS	P_t/dBm	发射功率	43
	G_t/dB	发射天线增益	20
	h/m	天线高度	10
	L_d/dB	馈线损耗	3
SS	P_t^′/dBm	发射功率	40
	G_t^′/dB	发射天线增益	10
	h′/m	天线高度	5
	L_d^′/dB	馈线损耗	2
	G_r/dB	接收天线增益	5

方案	场强阈值/dBm	覆盖率/%	通信速率
1 MS	-103	34.33	1 Mbps
	-110	42.49	512 kbps
	-117	45.55	256 kbps
	-130	50.46	64 kbps
集中式 1 MS+2 SS	-103	65.66	1 Mbps
	-110	73.92	512 kbps
	-117	82.72	256 kbps
	-130	88.66	64 kbps
分布式 1 MS+2 SS	-103	58.07	1 Mbps
	-110	73.09	512 kbps
	-117	83.31	256 kbps
	-130	88.31	64 kbps
集中式 1 MS+4 SS	-103	77.79	1 Mbps
	-110	87.98	512 kbps
	-117	96.02	256 kbps
	-130	99.01	64 kbps
分布式 1 MS+4 SS	-103	78.47	1 Mbps
	-110	90.33	512 kbps
	-117	96.42	256 kbps
	-130	99.09	64 kbps

面向月表多设施通信网络的通信塔部署方案

Communication tower deployment scheme for lunar surface multi-device communication networks

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参考文献 32

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通信协议	方案	场强阈值/dBm	覆盖率/%	通信速率/Mbps	带宽/MHz	调制方式	天线分集
4G LTE	集中式 1 MS+4 SS	-84	8.14	30	20	QPSK	1×1
		-91	25.01	20	20	QPSK	1×1
		-96	49.84	10	20	QPSK	1×1
		-103	65.26	1.5	3	QPSK	1×1
	分布式 1 MS+4 SS	-84	9.01	30	20	QPSK	1×1
		-91	27.19	20	20	QPSK	1×1
		-96	45.57	10	20	QPSK	1×1
		-103	56.96	1.5	3	QPSK	1×1
Wi-Fi	集中式 1 MS+4 SS	-75	4.06	37	20	QPSK	2×2
		-78	6.02	20	20	QPSK	1×1
		-85	17.42	13	20	BPSK	2×2
		-89	31.44	7	20	BPSK	1×1
	分布式 1 MS+4 SS	-75	3.74	37	20	QPSK	2×2
		-78	5.16	20	20	QPSK	1×1
		-85	9.23	13	20	BPSK	2×2
		-89	12.95	7	20	BPSK	1×1

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