从激光测距到量子纠缠光子对测距

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.06.21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

激光测距通过测量激光往返目标的单光子飞行时间与时钟之差来计算目标的距离，针对该技术目前已经有比较成熟的研究成果，因而激光测距技术在地面、地卫、地月测距上均有应用。量子纠缠光子对测距通过对一个在卫星与目标之间往返的纠缠光子与另一个纠缠光子之间的符合计数，经过数据拟合获得往返目标的飞行时间差。由于纠缠光子对是同时产生，所获得的测距结果从原理上就比包括激光测距在内的所有测距方法要高。目前, 针对量子纠缠光子对测距已进行了十几年的理论研究，但实际应用才刚刚开始。主要对激光测距与量子纠缠光子对测距的原理、系统结构、设备与装置及其关键技术进行综述，同时对激光雷达和量子雷达以及与测距相关的研究进行了综述，分析了它们各自的特点，对比了其中的相似之处与不同之处，为量子纠缠光子对测距及定位导航提供了理论依据，并在此基础上对未来量子测距及定位导航领域的发展进行了展望。

关键词: 激光测距, 激光雷达, 量子纠缠光子对测距, 量子雷达, 测距与定位导航

Abstract:

Laser ranging calculates the distance of a target by measuring the difference between the flight time of a single photon of the laser to and from the target and the clock. This technique has already had relatively mature research results and has been applied in ground, earth satellite and earth-moon ranging. Quantum entangled photon pair ranging is obtained by counting the time coincidence between an entangled photon, which travels between the satellite and the target, and another entangled light, and after fitting the data, the difference in flight time between the round-trip target is obtained. Since the entangled photon pairs are generated simultaneously, the obtained ranging results surpass in principle than those of all ranging methods including laser ranging. Currently, quantum entangled photon pair ranging has been theoretically studied for more than a decade, but its practical applications have just found its beginning. The principle, system contracture, equipment and devices, and key technologies used in laser ranging and quantum entangled photon pair ranging are reviewed in this paper. The laser radar, quantum radar and the ranging-related researches are also reviewed. The respective characteristics of above are analyzed, the similarities and differences are compared, and a theoretical basis is provided for quantum entangled photon pair ranging and positioning navigation. On the basis of this, the future development in the field of quantum ranging and positioning navigation is prospected.

Key words: laser ranging, lidar, quantum entangled photon pair ranging, quantum radar, ranging and positioning navigation

中图分类号:

P225.2

丛爽, 汪泳钦. 从激光测距到量子纠缠光子对测距[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(6): 1772-1783.

Shuang CONG, Yongqin WANG. From laser ranging to quantum entangled photon pair ranging[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(6): 1772-1783.

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测距性能	激光测距	量子测距
测量时间	有时钟误差	无误差
测距精度	分米级	厘米级以下
保密性	可破解	无法破解
抗干扰	较弱	强
适用范围	100 km内	星地间远距离

性能	量子增强雷达	量子干涉雷达	量子照明雷达	量子衍生雷达
探测范围/km	>100	100	10	< 10
探测精度	较高	较高	高	一般
分辨率和灵敏度	高	高	较高	一般
抗噪扰	较高	较高	高	一般
适用场合	探测	探测	探测	探测和成像
量子态类型	相干态或压缩态	纠缠态或压缩态	纠缠态	相干态或纠缠态

方法	优点	局限	适用雷达类型
Z-探测法	相干态下灵敏度高	其他态下灵敏度和分辨率低	量子增强雷达
强度差探测法	探测范围大	分辨率低	量子增强雷达、量子干涉雷达
奇偶探测法	纠缠态下灵敏度高、分辨率高、探测范围大	相干态下灵敏度较低	量子干涉雷达

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