面向用户最大覆盖的多空中基站布局方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.02.31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以无人机为平台的空中基站(unmanned aerial vehicle base station, UAV-BS)部署灵活、通视较好, 在应急通信场景中具有独特优势, 但是UAV-BS位置对通信组网效能具有重要影响, 如何优化UAV-BS部署位置, 特别是多UAV-BS位置布局是一个关键问题。本文考虑对地面终端用户最大化的覆盖且尽可能降低基站发射功率, 提出多UAV-BS定位模型。首先，基于通信区域视线(line-of-sight, LoS)和非视线(non-line-of-sight, NLoS)传输统计特性计算最大覆盖半径及相应UAV-BS定位的高度。在此基础上, 将基站水平定位布局视为多圆覆盖问题, 构建覆盖用户数最多的非线性约束优化模型, 并在保持用户覆盖最大化的前提下, 进一步优化各UAV-BS发射功率。然后, 基于最小覆盖圆问题和遗传算法对定位模型进行求解, 计算具有低阶多项式的时间复杂度。最后, 通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性, 结果表明所提方法能够实现UAV-BS组网3D布局，并能最大化用户覆盖和降低基站功率。

关键词: 空中基站, 定位布局, 最大覆盖, 功率优化

Abstract:

Unmanned aerial vehicle base station (UAV-BS) is flexible in deployment and has a better air-to-ground transmission environment. It has unique advantages in emergency communication scenarios. However, the location of UAV-BSs has an important impact on the efficiency of communication networking. How to optimize the deployment location of UAV-BSs, especially the location of multi-UAV-BSs is a key issue. This paper considers the maximum coverage of ground terminals and reduces the base station transmission power as much as possible, and proposes a multi-UAV-BSs position model. First, the maximum coverage radius and the corresponding UAV-BS positioning altitude are calculated by the line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) transmission statistics of the area. On this basis, the horizontal positioning layout of the base station is regarded as a multi-circle coverage problem, and a nonlinear constrained optimization model is proposed in order to cover the largest number of users. In addition, the transmission power of each UAV-BS is further optimized while maintaining the maximum coverage of users. Then a new algorithm based on the minimum covering circle problem and genetic algorithm is designed to solve the positioning model with low-order polynomial time complexity. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by simulations, and the results show that the approach can realize 3D positioning in UAV-BSs networking, maximize user coverage and reduce base station power.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle base station (UAV-BS), positioning layout, maximum coverage, power optimization

中图分类号:

TN929.5

胡焰智, 章锋斌, 田田, 陈启航. 面向用户最大覆盖的多空中基站布局方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(2): 580-588.

Yanzhi HU, Fengbin ZHANG, Tian TIAN, Qihang CHEN. Multi-UAV-BS layout approach for maximum coverage of users[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(2): 580-588.

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参数	UAV-BS(U₁)	UAV-BS(U₂)	UAV-BS(U₃)
部署区域大小	10 km×10 km
地面终端数量n	100
传播环境及附加损耗	a=4.88, b=0.43, η_LoS=0.1, η_NLoS=21
发射频率/GHz	2.00	2.01	2.02
最大发射功率/dBm	30
终端接收功率门限PR_min/dBm	-74.45
信号传输损耗门限L_th/dB	104.45

参数	UAV-BS(U₁)	UAV-BS(U₂)	UAV-BS(U₃)
θ^OPT/(°)	20.34	20.34	20.34
最大覆盖半径为R_j^max/km	1.82	1.81	1.80
优化高度h_j^OPT/m	674.7	671.0	667.3

参数	UAV-BS(U₁)	UAV-BS(U₂)	UAV-BS(U₃)
功率优化后覆盖半径/km	1.22	0.99	1.08
调整优化高度/m	452.3	367.0	400.4
水平定位	(8 043.0 m, 8 009.8 m)	(3 444.7 m, 7 739.9 m)	(5 904.7 m, 3 671.8 m)
实际发射功率/dBm	26.5	24.8	25.6
功率优化/dB	3.5	5.2	4.4
覆盖地面终端总数量		100

参数	UAV-BS(U₁)	UAV-BS(U₂)	UAV-BS(U₃)
功率优化后覆盖半径/km	1.25	1.81	1.01
调整优化高度/m	463.4	671.0	374.4
水平定位	(8 133.2 m, 3 941.7 m)	(2 767.9 m, 3 937.5 m)	(8 098.1 m, 7 964.7 m)
实际发射功率/dBm	26.7	30	25.0
功率优化/db	3.3	0	5.0
覆盖地面终端总数量		93

参数	UAV-BS(U₁)	UAV-BS(U₂)	UAV-BS(U₃)
功率优化后覆盖半径/km	1.78	1.25	1.77
调整优化高度/m	659.9	463.4	656.1
水平定位	(4 828.0 m, 3 147.9 m)	(8 467.0 m, 8 517.8 m)	(3 157.6 m, 6 852.4 m)
实际发射功率/dBm	29.8	26.8	29.9
功率优化/dB	0.2	3.2	0.1
覆盖地面终端总数量		81