卫星导航系统点波束功率增强信号参数优化设计

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.10.30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

导航卫星面向特定区域播发点波束功率增强信号, 是提高导航信号抗干扰性能的一种有效措施。针对点波束功率增强信号具有波束宽度窄、指向可变的特点, 研究了信号功率增强幅度、半波束角和扫描角等工作参数对覆盖性能的影响。分析结果表明, 功率增强幅度在0~20 dB变化时, 等效载噪比线性增加, 具有最好的增强效果。当高轨地球同步轨道(geosynchronous earth orbit, GEO)/倾斜地球同步轨道(inclined geosynchronous earth orbit, IGSO)卫星和中轨道(medium earth orbit, MEO)天线半波束角分别为0.86°和1.31°时, 在卫星发射总功率不变的条件下可实现20 dB的点波束功率增强, 对应的作用区半径分别为542 km和494 km。当GEO/IGSO卫星和MEO卫星天线扫描角分别取7.79°和11.90°时, 最大功率增强覆盖范围半径可达到9 046 km和8 538 km。

关键词: 卫星导航系统, 功率增强技术, 点波束

Abstract:

It is an effective measure to improve the anti-jamming performance of navigation signals that navigation satellites transmit spot beam power enhancement signals for specific regions. In view of the narrow beam width and variable direction of the spot beam power enhancement signal, the effects of working parameters such as power enhanced amplitude, half-beam angle and sweep angle on the coverage performance are studied. The analysis results show that when the amplitude of power enhancement varies from 0 to 20 dB, the equivalent noise ratio increases linearly and has the best enhancement effect. When the half-beam angles of geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO)/inclined geosynchronous earth orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite antenna are 0.86° and 1.31° respectively, the 20 dB power enhancement amplitude can be achieved with the corresponding radius of 542 km and 494 km. When the sweep angles of GEO/IGSO and MEO satellite antenna are 7.79° and 11.90° respectively, the maximum coverage radius reaches 9 046 km and 8 538 km.

Key words: satellite navigation system, power-enhanced technology, spot beam

中图分类号:

P228

吕志成, 李蓬蓬, 李立勋. 卫星导航系统点波束功率增强信号参数优化设计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(10): 2954-2960.

Zhicheng LYU, Pengpeng LI, Lixun LI. Optimization design of satellite navigation system spot beam power enhancement signal parameters[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(10): 2954-2960.

图/表 11

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

表2

图5

图6

图7

表3

表4

参考文献 25

1	HOLLAND R L . GPS in the range of navigation war[J]. Armada International, 1999, 18 (5): 225- 267.
2	杨宁虎, 刘春保, 杨哲. 美国GPS系统导航战技术发展分析[J]. 国际太空, 2017, 12, 4- 8.
	YANG N H , LIU C B , YANG Z . Analysis on GPS navigation warfare technologies[J]. Space International, 2017, 12, 4- 8.
3	PIKE J. GPS Ⅲ/GPS Block Ⅲ[EB/OL][2020-10-14]. http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/gps_3.htm.
4	FONTANA R, LATTERMAN D. GPS modernization and the future[C]//Proc. of the IAAIN World Congress and the 56th Annual Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, 2000: 222-231.
5	HENRY C. SpaceX launches first GPS 3 satellite[EB/OL][2018-12-23]. https://spacenews.com/spacex-launches-first-gps-3-satellite.
6	刘严静, 刘刚, 吴诗其. 低轨卫星移动系统的点波束确定算法[J]. 中国空间科学技术, 2006, 2, 59- 66.
	LIU Y J , LIU G , WU S Q . Spot beam judgement algorithm of low earth orbit satellite mobile system[J]. Chinese Space Science and Technology, 2006, 2, 59- 66.
7	张旭, 吴潜. 低轨卫星系统星载多波束天线点波束设计及优化[J]. 电视技术, 2009, 49 (7): 31- 35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8658.2009.07.005
	ZHANG X , WU Q . Spot-beam design and optimization of on-board multi-beam antenna for LEO satellite systems[J]. Telecommunication Engineering, 2009, 49 (7): 31- 35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8658.2009.07.005
8	董彦磊, 汪春霆, 孙巍. GEO卫星点波束覆盖算法的研究与应用[J]. 无线电通信技术, 2016, 42 (4): 83- 86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3114.2016.04.21
	DONG Y L , WANG C T , SUN W . Research and application of GEO satellite spot-beam covering algorithm[J]. Radio Communications Technology, 2016, 42 (4): 83- 86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3114.2016.04.21
9	ABDULKAREEM K , JON E , IFIOK O . Interference migigation for multi spot beam satellite communication systems incorporating spread spectrum[J]. Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2017, 4 (2): 156- 166.
10	梁松柏, 李新卫, 徐军平. 5G波束覆盖优化研究[J]. 邮电设计技术, 2020, (8): 27- 33.
	LIANG S B , LI X WI , XU J P . Research on coverage optimization with 5G beam[J]. Designing Techniques of Posts and Telecommunications, 2020, (8): 27- 33.
11	MICHAEL S , CHRISTIAN H , HELMUT W . Antennas for multiple spot beam satellites[J]. Council of European Aerospace Societies Space, 2011, (2): 27- 29.
12	WANG H T , LU X P , CHEN D , et al. A movable spot-beam scheduling optimization algorithm for satellite communication system[J]. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2017, 141 (3): 172- 181.
13	韩湘, 郭新哲, 邬基博. 卫星点波束的移动目标指向优化研究[J]. 通信技术, 2015, 48 (5): 536- 540. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0802.2015.05.006
	HAN X , GUO X Z , WU J B . Moving-target pointing optimization of satellite spot-beam[J]. Communications Technology, 2015, 48 (5): 536- 540. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0802.2015.05.006
14	周钦, 张景阳. 卫星点波束天线指向切换最短时间间隔计算方法[J]. 空间电子技术, 2017, (3): 64- 68. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7135.2017.03.014
	ZHOU Q , ZHANG J Y . Minimum interval algorithm for satellite spot beam antenna's pointing and switching[J]. Space Electronic Technology, 2017, (3): 64- 68. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7135.2017.03.014
15	翟玉娟, 吴锋. GPS Ⅲ中的点波束及对抗技术探讨[J]. 电光系统, 2014, 6 (2): 19- 23.
	ZHAI Y J , WU F . Research on spot beam in GPS Ⅲ and countermeasures[J]. Electronic and Electro-optical Systems, 2014, 6 (2): 19- 23.
16	刘艳亮, 张海平, 徐彦田, 等. 全球卫星导航系统的现状与进展[J]. 导航定位学报, 2019, 7 (1): 18- 21.
	LIU Y L , ZHANG H P , XU Y T , et al. Development status and trend of global navigation satellite system[J]. Journal of Navigation and Positioning, 2019, 7 (1): 18- 21.
17	MACRO D , FERDINANDO D . PNT for Defense[M]. Switzerland: Handbook of Space Security, 2019.
18	孙进, 初海彬, 董海青, 等. 导航卫星系统功率增强技术与覆盖范围研究[J]. 测绘学报, 2011, 40, 80- 84.
	SUN J , CHU H B , DONG H Q , et al. Research on power-enhanced technology and coverage areas of global navigation satellites[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40, 80- 84.
19	吕志成, 聂俊伟, 刘增军, 等. 卫星导航系统功率增强对接收信号质量的影响分析[J]. 空间科学学报, 2013, 33 (1): 101- 107.
	LYV Z C , NIE J W , LIU Z J , et al. Effects of enhancing power on received signal quality in satellite navigation system[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2013, 33 (1): 101- 107.
20	MISRA P , ENGE P . Global positioning system: signals, measurements, and performance[M]. Lincoln: Ganga-Jamuna Press, 2006.
21	KAPLAN E D , HEGARTY C J . Understanding GPS: principles and applications[M]. 2rd edition Boston: Artech House, 2006: 243- 300.
22	BETZ J W. Design and performance of code tracking for the GPS M code signal[C]//Proc. of 13th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, 2000: 2140-2150.
23	徐慨, 鲍凯, 何爱林. 卫星通信点波束覆盖算法研究[J]. 舰船电子对抗, 2013, 36 (2): 66- 68. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9167.2013.02.017
	XU K , BAO K , HE A L . Research into satellite communication spot beam covering algorithm[J]. Shipboard Electronic Countermeasure, 2013, 36 (2): 66- 68. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9167.2013.02.017
24	韩湘, 郭新哲, 屈会鹏. GEO通信卫星姿态对点波束天线指向影响分析[J]. 飞行器测控学报, 2015, 34 (1): 77- 82.
	HAN X , GUO X Z , QU H P . Impact of attitude movement on spot beam pointing for GEO communication satellites[J]. Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology, 2015, 34 (1): 77- 82.
25	刘庆军, 孙进, 武向军. 基于点波束增强的卫星导航系统拒止与欺骗干扰研究[C]//第七届中国卫星导航学术年会, 2016.
	LIU Q J, SUN J, WU X J. Analysis of denial and spoofing jamming based on spot-beam and power-enhancement to navigation service[C]//Proc. of the 7th China Satellite Navigation Conference, 2016.

接收灵敏度/dBHz	干扰信号容限/dBm
接收灵敏度/dBHz	信号未进行功率增强	信号功率增强20 dB
20	-80.2	-60.2
25	-85.2	-65.2
30	-90.3	-70.3
35	-97.3	-75.3
40	-130.0	-80.3
45	-	-85.4

功率增强幅度/dB	伪码测量精度/cm
功率增强幅度/dB	功率增强信号	非功率增强信号
0	47.56	47.56
10	41.59	47.70
20	37.84	48.90
30	36.32	54.50
40	36.07	68.21
50	36.04	102.15

θ/(°)	φ/(°)		γ/(°)		$\overline{AP}$/km		S_{$\overline{{\rm{APB}}}$}/10⁸ km²
θ/(°)	GEO/IGSO	MEO	GEO/IGSO	MEO	GEO/IGSO	MEO	GEO/IGSO	MEO
0	8.65	13.21	81.35	76.79	9 046	8 538	2.17	1.97
5	8.61	13.16	76.39	71.84	8 494	7 988	1.95	1.76
10	8.51	13.01	71.48	66.99	7 949	7 449	1.74	1.55
15	8.35	12.76	66.65	62.24	7 411	6 921	1.53	1.36
20	8.12	12.40	61.88	57.60	6 880	6 404	1.34	1.18
25	7.83	11.96	57.17	53.04	6 356	5 898	1.16	1.07
30	7.48	11.42	52.52	48.58	5 839	5 402	0.99	0.86

G/dB	α/(°)		$\overline{AP}$/km		S_{$\overline{{\rm{APB}}}$}/10⁸ km²
G/dB	GEO/IGSO	MEO	GEO/IGSO	MEO	GEO/IGSO	MEO
0	8.61	13.16	8 494	7 988	1.95	1.76
5	4.84	7.39	3 258	2 986	0.33	0.28
10	2.72	4.15	1 745	1 592	0.095	0.079
15	1.53	2.34	968	882	0.029	0.024
20	0.86	1.31	542	494	0.009 2	0.007 7
25	0.48	0.74	304	277	0.002 9	0.002 4
30	0.27	0.42	171	156	0.000 92	0.000 76

[1]	王鹏博, 贺成艳, 杨倩倩, 佟文华. 窄带干扰信号对北斗三号B2信号质量的影响[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(7): 2286-2292.
[2]	付栋, 彭竞, 马明, 陈飞强, 欧钢. 基于钟差检验的GNSS授时欺骗检测与识别[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(3): 948-955.
[3]	刘睿, 杨志伟, 陈奇东, 廖桂生, 甄卫民. 基于信号传播修正的GNSS干扰源质心定位方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(8): 2083-2089.
[4]	苏瑜, 荆文芳, 卢晓春, 张阳. 基于BP-PID控制的载波频率准确度提高算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(7): 1894-1903.
[5]	潘党飞, 刘文学, 葛建, 袁洪, 袁超. GNSS接收机射频前端电路相位噪声评估方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(3): 536-543.
[6]	王海洋, 姚志成, 范志良, 吴瑾颖, 刘光斌. 高速运动环境下GNSS接收机阵列抗干扰算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(11): 2409-2417.
[7]	范宇清, 程二威, 魏明, 张庆龙, 陈亚洲. 高功率微波弹对GNSS接收机毁伤效果分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(1): 37-44.
[8]	葛宝爽, 张海, 晋燕琼. 基于冗余量测的GNSS多路径误差抑制算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(11): 2581-2587.
[9]	李文刚, 王屹伟, 陈睿, 刘猛. BOC调制信号抗多径双环估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(5): 1118-1123.
[10]	李文刚, 王屹伟. 高动态下导频辅助的GNSS信号比特同步方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(2): 255-260.
[11]	李敏, 王松艳, 张迎春, 李化义. 改进的强跟踪平方根UKF在卫星导航中应用[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(8): 1858-1865.
[12]	谢非，刘建业，李荣冰，徐昭. 北斗QPSK调制信号多星联合捕获算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(8): 1595-1601.
[13]	侯洪涛，周鸿伟，李群，常强，张旺勋. 卫星导航系统接收传感器网络的攻击检测研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(6): 1195-1200.
[14]	侯洪涛，谢菲，张旺勋，王维平，黄丛山. 基于Markov过程的导航系统星座可用性分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(4): 685-690.
[15]	张旺勋，侯洪涛，王维平. 基于MATE 的卫星导航系统安全防护设计[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2013, 35(6): 1231-1235.