基于PCA和相位差校正法的风切变预警算法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.01.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高相干激光雷达风切变预警算法的预警率，提出一种基于主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）和相位差校正法的风切变预警算法。首先，利用PCA对雷达回波信号进行低阶主成分向量提取以实现信号重构，提高信噪比。其次，采用基于快速傅里叶变换的相位差校正法对回波信号峰值频率进行校正，降低回波信号能量泄露。然后，分别利用旋转电机实验数据和小型飞机实验数据对所提算法进行性能评估。结果表明，采用所提算法估计相干激光雷达回波信号峰值频率的平均绝对误差为0.26 MHz，对实际低空风切变的预警率为92.31%。所提算法可以有效降低相干激光雷达回波信号频率估计误差，实现低空风切变预警。

关键词: 相干激光雷达, 风切变预警, 主成分分析, 相位差校正法

Abstract:

In order to improve the early warning rate of coherent lidar wind shear warning algorithm, a wind shear warning algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA) and the phase difference correction method is proposed. Firstly, PCA is used to extract the low-order principal component vectors of radar echo signals in order to reconstruct the signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, the peak frequency of the echo signal is corrected by the phase difference correction method based on fast Fourier transform to reduce the energy leakage of the echo signal. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by using the experimental data of rotary motors and small aircraft respectively. The results show that the average absolute error of estimating the peak frequency of the coherent lidar echo signal is 0.26 MHz, and the early warning rate of actual low-altitude wind shear is 92.31%. This algorithm can effectively reduce the frequency estimation error of the coherent lidar echo signal and realize the early warning of low-altitude wind shear.

Key words: coherent lidar, wind shear warning, principal component analysis (PCA), phase difference correction method

中图分类号:

TP391

马愈昭, 陈楠, 熊兴隆. 基于PCA和相位差校正法的风切变预警算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(1): 52-60.

Yuzhao MA, Nan CHEN, Xinglong XIONG. Wind shear warning algorithm based on PCA and phase difference correction[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(1): 52-60.

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转速/(r/min)	线速度/(m/s)	理论峰值频率/MHz	相干积累+FFT算法估计峰值频率/MHz	相干积累+相位差校正法估计峰值频率/MHz	PCA+FFT算法估计峰值频率/MHz	PCA+相位差校正法估计峰值频率/MHz
500	3.70	75.23	76.67	76.67	74.75	74.76
700	6.48	71.65	73.33	73.33	68.75	71.46
1 000	9.25	68.07	70.00	70.00	67.66	68.00
1 300	12.03	64.48	66.67	66.67	64.22	64.84
1 600	14.81	60.90	63.33	63.33	61.18	60.63
1 900	17.58	57.32	63.33	60.00	58.08	57.56
2 200	20.35	53.74	56.67	56.67	53.58	54.12
2 500	23.13	50.16	53.33	53.33	49.67	50.10
MAE	空白	空白	2.72	2.31	0.72	0.26

参数	数值
扫描时间间隔/min	2
方位角初值/(°)	30
方位角增量/(°)	5
天顶角初值/(°)	10
天顶角增量/(°)	3
径向扫描半径/m	45~5 000
探测高度/m	15~2 500
探测风速/(m/s)	0~60
探测风向/(°)	0~360

参数	数值
高度/m	2.6
长度/m	8.5
宽度/m	1.5
翼展/m	13.42
最大起飞重量/kg	1 650
空重/kg	1 080
载荷/人	4
发动机	Thielert Centurion.1.7

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