航空遥感系统全极化微波散射计系统设计与校飞试验

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.11.03

Abstract

Abstract:

Fully polarized microwave scatterometer is an active microwave remote sensing device with two working modes of scatterometer and imaging, which has a good application prospect in complex environment observation and multi-dimensional information acquisition. The design scheme of the fully polarized microwave scatterometer system is introduced in detail in the paper. According to the requirements of the two working modes, the system designs four bandwidths of 4 MHz, 40 MHz, 120 MHz, and 200 MHz, which can effectively solve the contradiction between the imaging scatterometer bandwidth and the measurement precision of the backscatter coefficient. Based on the matched filter digital IF signal processing method, the normalized standard is derived to measure the precision of backscatter coefficient. In order to minimize the normalized standard, the relationship between windowing effect of digital filter, data segment overlap rate and the normalized standard are analyzed. The results of sea and land flight calibration experiments show that the fully polarized microwave scatterometer has the characteristics of high precision backscatter coefficient measurement and high resolution microwave imaging. When the data overlap rate, roll down coefficient and echo signal-to-noise ratio are 50%, 0.5, and 5.53 dB respectively in scatterometer mode, system performance tends to be optimal which can obtain high and stable backscattering coefficient measurement precision. The range and azimuth resolutions in imaging mode are 0.89 m and 0.43 m respectively, which makes the fully polarized microwave scatterometer have good target detection performance.

Key words: imaging scatterometer, backscattering coefficient measurement precision, normalized standard deviation, design and flight experiment

CLC Number:

TN98

Shuyi LIU, Yan JIA, Zhuoyan GAO, Xiangkun ZHANG, Xiaolong DONG, Heguang LIU. Design and flight experiment of fully polarized microwave scatterometer system for aerial remote sensing system[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(11): 3382-3390.

Figures/Tables 13

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参数	数值
工作频率/GHz	13.4
工作带宽/MHz	4/40/120/200
脉冲宽度/μs	10
接收窗时间/μs	50
发射功率/dBm	47
噪声系数/dB	2.2
极化方式	HH/HV/VH/VV
交叉极化隔离度/dB	≥33
天线3 dB波束宽度/(°)	3×20
天线增益/dB	28.2
采样频率/Msps	400
脉冲重复频率PRF/Hz	500
后向散射系数测量精度/dB	0.5

信号通道	噪声通道	描述
k_l1	k_l2	k_l1=\|f_l1MT\|, k_l2=\|f_l2NT\|
k_h1	k_h2	k_h1=\|f_h1MT\|, k_h2=\|f_h2NT\|
k₁	k₂	k₁=k_h1-k_l1+1$ \cong $T_GB_s, k₂=k_h2-k_{l 2}+1$ \cong $T_NB_n
w₁(q, n)	w₂(q, n)	w₁(q, n)=w₁(n)w₁(n+qD₁), w₂(q, n)=w₂(n)w₂(n+qD₂)
W₁(q, k)	W₂(q, k)	FFT[w₁(q, n)], FFT[w₂(q, n)]
γ_i1(n)		γ_i(n)=rect(nT+(i－1)D₁－T₁)w₁(n)
γ_ij1(n)		γ_i1(n)γ_j1(n+(i－j)D₁)
Γ_ij1(k)		FFT[γ_ij1(n)]
U₁	U₂	$ U_1=\frac{1}{M} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{M-1} w_1^2(n), U_2=\frac{1}{N} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{N-1} w_2^2(n)$
U_i1		$ U_{i 1}=\frac{1}{M} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{M-1} \gamma_{i 1}^{2}(n)$
U₁^*		$ U_1^*=\frac{1}{K_1} \sum\limits_{i=1}^{K_1} U_{i 1}$

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Design and flight experiment of fully polarized microwave scatterometer system for aerial remote sensing system

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