基于DDS频率微跃的晶振精密驯服方法研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.05.26

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the low frequency modulation accuracy of traditional voltage controlled frequency modulation methods for crystal oscillators, the taming and controlling and time holding method of oven-controlled crystal oscillators is investigated based on direct digital synthesis （DDS） frequency micro-step. By using the DDS module in the self-developed phase micro-stepper, frequency adjustment with a resolution of 0.6 μHz is achieved, providing conditions for improving the taming performance of crystal oscillators. The taming and controlling algorithm is based on the time transfer principle of global navigation satellite systems and the design of proportion-integral-differential （PID） control algorithm. By analyzing clock error data, the PID control model is optimized to effectively improve the taming and controlling performance of crystal oscillators. The experimental results show that the crystal oscillator taming and controlling algorithm based on DDS frequency micro-step can achieve a frequency stability of 1.09×10^?13 and a time stability of 9.46×10^?10 s with an average time of one day. In more than 99% of cases, the time deviation from the reference frequency source remains within ±25 ns, and the standard deviation of the time difference is 8.49 ns, proving the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO), phase micro-stepper, direct digital synthesis (DDS), clock discipline, proportion-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) time transfer

CLC Number:

TB 939

Yikang HAO, Kun LIANG, Tian YU, Junliang ZHAO, Baoying WEI, Yufeng LI, Zhiyu HE. Research on precision taming method of crystal oscillators based on DDS frequency micro-step[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(5): 1706-1714.

Figures/Tables 22

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Table 1

Fig.11

Fig.12

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Table 5

Fig.16

Table 6

References 30

1	BUI T, ELANGO A, LANDRY R J. FPGA-based autonomous GPS-disciplined oscillators for wireless sensor network nodes[J]. Sensors, 2022, 22 (9): 3135. doi: 10.3390/s22093135
2	GOODWIN A J, EYTAN D, DIXON W, et al. Timing errors and temporal uncertainty in clinical databases-a narrative review[J]. Front Digit Health, 2022, 4, 932599. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.932599
3	MAJORAL M, ARRIBAS J, PRADES F C. Implementation of a high-sensitivity global navigation satellite system receiver on a system-on-chip field-programmable gate array platform[J]. Sensors, 2024, 24 (5): 1416. doi: 10.3390/s24051416
4	NASIR A A, DURRANI S, MEHRPOUYAN H, et al. Timing and carrier synchronization in wireless communication systems: a survey and classification of research in the last 5 years[J]. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2016, 2016, 180. doi: 10.1186/s13638-016-0670-9
5	YANG C Z, WANG Y L, HUA Y, et al. Investigation and design of disciplined clock system based on BDS[C]//Proc. of the IEEE 12th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, 2015: 753-756.
6	ACHENBACH R, FEUERSTACK-RAIBLE M, HILLER F, et al. A digitally temperature-compensated crystal oscillator[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2000, 35 (10): 1502- 1506. doi: 10.1109/4.871329
7	LI H, ZHANG X J, LI Z H, et al. A novel high-precision method based on sequence weighted adaptive unscented Kalman filter for GPS disciplined crystal oscillator[C]//Proc. of the IEEE 12th PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 2020.
8	SONG W, YAN D Y, SHI C, et al. BDS/GPS tens of picoseconds time synchronization method with application to communication network[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2025, 12 (11): 17244- 17262. doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2025.3534897
9	王习东, 杨业泉, 冯文杰, 等. 基于卫星授时和晶振驯服的高精度频率源系统设计[J]. 电子设计工程, 2025, 33 (9): 31- 37.
	WANG X D, YANG Y Q, FENG W J, et al. Design of high precision frequency source system based on satellite-time and tamed OCXO[J]. Electronic Design Engineering, 2025, 33 (9): 31- 37.
10	刘苏谚. 基于北斗的OCXO自适应保持技术的研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2023.
	LIU S Y. Study on adaptive retention technology of OCXO based on Beidou[D]. Xi’an: Xidian University, 2023.
11	常盛. 基于1PPS信号驯服与保持的10MHz低相噪频率标准设计与实现[D]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2024.
	CHANG S. Design and Implementation of 10 MHz low phase noise frequency standard based on 1PPS signal disciplined oscillator and holdover technology[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2024.
12	王红建. 恒温晶体振荡器高精度时间维持的自适应修正算法研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2017.
	WANG H J. Adaptive correction algorithm for high precision time maintenance of oven controlled crystal oscillator[D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2017.
13	TSENG W H. Comparison of GNSS all-in-view (AV) and upsampled common-view (UCV) time transfers[C]//Proc. of the Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 2021.
14	WU J, ZHENG X N, XU J, Research on common view time frequency transfer based on RINEX format observation data[C]//Proc. of the International Seminar on Computer Science and Engineering Technology, 2022: 318−322.
15	DEFRAIGNE P, PEITI G. CGGTTS-version 2E: an extended standard for GNSS time transfer[J]. International Journal of Scientific Metrology, 2015, 52 (6): G1. doi: 10.1088/0026-1394/52/6/g1
16	MIAO X, HU C J, QIAO Y J. A novel two variables PID control algorithm in precision clock disciplining system[J]. Electronics, 2024, 13 (19): 3820. doi: 10.3390/electronics13193820
17	CUI B J, HOU X B, ZHOU D H. Methodological approach to GPS disciplined OCXO based on PID PLL[C]//Proc. of the 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, 2009.
18	COELHO L D S, GREBOGI R B. Chaotic synchronization using PID control combined with population based incremental learning algorithm[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2010, 37, 5347- 5352. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.01.022
19	ANG K H, CHONG G, LI Y. PID control system analysis, design, and technology[J]. IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, 2005, 13 (4): 559- 576.
20	LIN J N, ZHENG R J, ZHANG Y R, et al. CFHBA-PID algorithm dual-loop PID balancing robot attitude control algorithm based on complementary factor and honey badger algorithm[J]. Sensors, 2022, 22 (12): 4492. doi: 10.3390/s22124492
21	PRITESH S, SUDHIR A. Review of fractional PID controller[J]. Mechatronics, 2016, 38, 29- 41. doi: 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2016.06.005
22	JIANG S T, WANG X. The design of a novel low phase noise anti-vibration OCXO[C]//Proc. of the Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 2017: 227−230.
23	张永光. GPS驯服的高稳恒温晶振设计与实现[D]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2020.
	ZHANG Y G. Design and realization one kind of GPS disciplined high stability oven controlled crystal oscillator[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2020.
24	贾永刚. 金属洛氏硬度计示值误差不确定度评定[J]. 轻工标准与质量, 2017, (1): 34- 36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0711.2020.24.084
	JIA Y G. Uncertainty evaluation of indication error for metal rock-well hardness testers[J]. Standard & Quality of Light Industry, 2017, (1): 34- 36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0711.2020.24.084
25	左朝阳. 基于北斗授时的时钟驯服与保持系统研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2022.
	ZUO Z Y. Research on a clock disciplining and holding system based on Beidou time service[D]. Xi’an: Xidian University, 2022.
26	韩艳菊, 杨科, 郑鸿耀. 改善高频宽压控晶振频率温度稳定性方法[J]. 宇航计测技术, 2014, 34 (6): 45- 48.
	HAN Y J, YANG K, ZHENG H Y. Improved frequency temperature stability method for high frequency wide voltage controlled crystal oscillator[J]. Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement, 2014, 34 (6): 45- 48.
27	李辉. 高精度时钟同步微步移相器的设计与实现[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2009.
	LI H. Design and realization of high precision clock synchronous micro-step phase-shifter[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2009.
28	肖波, 樊多盛, 王文利, 等. 一种高精度相位微跃1PPS信号发生器的研制[J]. 时间频率学报, 2019, 42 (4): 275- 283. doi: 10.13875/j.issn.1674-0637.2019-04-0275-09
	XIAO B, FAN D S, WANG W L, et al. Development of a high-precision phase micro stepper 1PPS signal generator[J]. Journal of Time and Frequency, 2019, 42 (4): 275- 283. doi: 10.13875/j.issn.1674-0637.2019-04-0275-09
29	赵婧妍. 基于卫星共视系统的铷钟驯服技术研究[D]. 北京: 北京邮电大学, 2021.
	ZHAO J Y. Research on rubidium clock taming technology based on satellite common view system[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2021.
30	王宁, 吕志平, 王宇谱, 等. 不同采样间隔卫星钟差数据对钟差预报精度的影响与分析[C]//第6届中国卫星导航学术年会, 2015.
	WANG N, LV Z P, WANG Y P, et al. Precision analysis of satellite clock for different sampling interval satellite clock bias data[C]//Proc. of the 6th China Satellite Navigation Conference, 2015.

参数	时差范围/ns
参数	\|∆t\|≤10	\|∆t\|≤20	\|∆t\|≤25
点数/总点数	34 945/39 303	38 433/39 303	39 086/39 303
占比/%	88.91	97.79	99.45

平均时间/s	时间稳定度/s	频率稳定度
1 000	2.172×10⁻⁹	7.641×10⁻¹¹
10 000	4.470×10⁻⁹	1.253×10⁻¹²
86 400	9.46×10⁻¹⁰	1.09×10⁻¹³
100 000	1.114×10⁻⁹	2.22×10⁻¹³

平均时间/s	本文使用晶振	文献[10]使用晶振	文献[11]使用晶振
100	7.300 4×10⁻⁹	3.81×10⁻¹²	4.49×10⁻¹²
1 000	1.240 9×10⁻⁸	5.96×10⁻¹²	1.33×10⁻¹¹
10 000	3.323 8×10⁻⁸	1.31×10⁻¹¹	6.89×10⁻¹¹

平均时间/s	本文控制方式	文献[10]压控控制	文献[11]压控控制
100	6.638 6×10⁻¹¹	7.41×10⁻¹¹	5.88×10⁻¹²
1 000	7.641×10⁻¹²	9.71×10⁻¹²	4.89×10⁻¹²
10 000	1.253×10⁻¹²	1.99×10⁻¹²	2.02×10⁻¹²

平均时间/s	本文驯服控制方法	GPSDO
1	1.354 3×10⁻¹⁰	2.376 6×10⁻¹¹
10	3.858 6×10⁻¹¹	5.468×10⁻¹²
100	6.638 6×10⁻¹¹	1.875×10⁻¹²
1 000	7.461×10⁻¹²	2.431×10⁻¹²
10 000	1.253×10⁻¹²	8.02×10⁻¹³

Research on precision taming method of crystal oscillators based on DDS frequency micro-step

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 22

References 30

Related Articles 0

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

平均时间/s	文中使用晶振	PRS10
1	2.669 8×10⁻⁹	2.510 0×10⁻¹¹
10	3.679 6×10⁻⁹	6.722×10⁻¹²
100	7.300 4×10⁻⁹	3.800×10⁻¹²
1 000	1.240 9×10⁻⁸	2.503×10⁻¹²
10 000	3.323 8×10⁻⁸	9.32×10⁻¹³