基于模型的作战体系架构开发本体和元模型研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.02.21

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the fundamental logic in developing operational system of systems, and guide the design of operational system of systems, the constituent elements of the operational system of systems are analyzed from different perspectives of strategy, capability, operational, function and resource, based on the theoretical analysis of the system of systems architecture framework and the practical needs. It tries to give explicit definitions of these elements, explains the logical relationships among them, and proposes a domain ontology of operational system of systems architecture. Based on the domain ontology, the unified architecture framework meta-model is tailored and extended to set up a domain meta-model of operational system of systems. The domain meta-model can be used to guide model-based architecture development of operational system of systems, which forming a traceability thread of “strategy-capability-operational-function-resource”, realizing the formal description of operational system of systems architecture, and satisfying the needs of positive analysis of combat issues and positive design of combat system of systems schemes.

Key words: operational system of systems, domain ontology, meta-model, system of systems architecture

CLC Number:

E 917

Dan WANG, Jiajun YUAN, Chuwan XIAO. Ontology and meta-model for developing model-based operational system of systems architecture[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(2): 603-614.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Fig.3

Table 3

Fig.4

Table 4

Fig.5

Table 5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

References 31

1	CHEN W Y, LI W M, ZHANG T. Complex network-based resilience capability assessment for a combat system of systems[J]. Systems, 2024, 12 (1): 31. doi: 10.3390/systems12010031
2	HOLT J. Systems engineering demystified: apply model-based systems engineering techniques to build complex systems [M]. Birmingham: Packt Publishing, 2023.
3	FRIEDENTHAL S, MOORE A, STEINER R. A practical guide to SysML: the systems modeling language[M]. Waltham: Morgan Kaufman Publisher, 2015: 15−20.
4	LAWRENCE S, HERBER D R. A model-based systems engineering approach for effective decision support of modern energy systems depicted with clean hydrogen production[J]. Systems, 2024, 12 (8): 290- 290. doi: 10.3390/systems12080290
5	INCOSE. Systems engineering handbook: a guide for system life cycle processes and activities[M]. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley, 2023.
6	FENG Y M, ZOU Q, ZHOU C C, et al. Ontology-based architecture process of system-of-systems: from capability development to operational modeling[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13 (9): 5419. doi: 10.3390/app13095419
7	Ministry of Defence. Ministry of defense architecture framework [EB/OL]. [2025-04-01]. https://www.gov.uk/mod-architecture-framework.
8	North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO architecture framework version 4 [EB/OL]. [2025-04-01]. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_157575.htm.
9	BANKAUSKAITE J, MORKEVICIUS A. Towards an automated UAF-based trade study process for system of systems architecture[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2020, 30 (1): 391- 405. doi: 10.1002/j.2334-5837.2020.00729.x
10	SJOBERG P, KIHLSTROM L, HAUSE M. An industrial example of using enterprise architecture to speed up systems development[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2017, 27 (1): 401- 417. doi: 10.1002/j.2334-5837.2017.00368.x
11	MORKEVICIUS A, BISIKIRSKIENE L, BLEAKLEY G. Using a systems of systems modeling approach for developing industrial internet of things applications[C]//Proc. of the 12th System of Systems Engineering Conference, 2017.
12	CARLSON O, HOHENSTEIN S, BUI J, et al. Human factors in the unified architecture framework applied to space situational awareness[C]//Proc. of the IEEE International Systems Conference, 2019.
13	MARTIN J N, BROOKSHIER D. Linking UAF and SysML models: achieving alignment between enterprise and system architecture[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2023, 33 (1): 1132- 1155. doi: 10.1002/iis2.13074
14	肖楚琬, 王丹, 袁家骏. 架构模型驱动的作战体系开发方法[C]//第六届体系工程学术会议-体系工程与高质量发展, 2024: 948−959.
	XIAO C W, WANG D, YUAN J J. Method of developing operational system driven by architecture model[C]//Proc. of the 6th Academic Conference on System of Systems Engineering-System of Systems Engineering and High-Quality Development, 2024: 948−959.
15	KUSTER J M. Definition and validation of model transformation[J]. Software and System Modeling, 2006, 5 (3): 233- 259. doi: 10.1007/s10270-006-0018-8
16	王暖臣, 王小龙, 穆歌, 等. 基于元模型的装备体系知识图谱构建[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46 (7): 2374- 2382. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.07.19
	WANG N C, WANG X L, MU G, et al. Construction of equipment system knowledge graph based on meta-model[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46 (7): 2374- 2382. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.07.19
17	MARTIN J N. Extending UAF for model-based capability planning and enterprise portfolio management[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2022, 32 (1): 15- 35. doi: 10.1002/iis2.12915
18	LOPEZ G J J, PEREIRA D P. Analyzing system security architecture in concept phase using UAF domains[J]. Insight, 2022, 25 (2): 56- 60. doi: 10.1002/inst.12388
19	TIRONE L, GUIDOLOTTI E, FORNARO L. A tailoring of the unified architecture framework’s meta-model for the modeling of systems-of-systems[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2018, 28 (1): 1691- 1705. doi: 10.1002/j.2334-5837.2018.00577.x
20	ABHAYA L. UAF （unified architecture framework） based MBSE （UBM） method to bulid a system of systems model[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2021, 31 (1): 227- 241. doi: 10.1002/j.2334-5837.2021.00835.x
21	刘婧婷, 郭继坤. 基于UAF元模型的战区联合作战精确装备保障体系构建方法研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42 (6): 1324- 1331.
	LIU J T, GUO J K. Establishment of efficient support system for joint operations in theater command based on DMM of UAF[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42 (6): 1324- 1331.
22	高悦, 茹乐, 迟文升, 等. 基于体系结构设计的空战系统任务元模型建模[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43 (11): 3229- 3238. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.11.23
	GAO Y, RU L, CHI W S, et al. Task meta-model modeling of air combat system based on system architecture design[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43 (11): 3229- 3238. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.11.23
23	AURELIJU M, AISTE A, GINTARE K. From UAF to SysML: transitioning from system of systems to systems architecture[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2021, 31 (1): 585- 598. doi: 10.1002/j.2334-5837.2021.00856.x
24	FANG Z M. System-of-systems architecture selection: a survey of issues, methods, and opportunities[J]. IEEE System Journal, 2022, 16 (3): 4768- 4779. doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2021.3119294
25	GAGLIARDI M, HAUSE M C, MARTIN J N, et al. Darth Vader’s secret weapon: implementing mission engineering with UAF[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2024, 34 (1): 1719- 1747. doi: 10.1002/iis2.13234
26	HAUSE M. Using MBSE to evaluate and protect the electrical grid as a system of systems[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2017, 27 (1): 597- 612. doi: 10.1002/j.2334-5837.2017.00381.x
27	BAEK Y M, SONG J, SHIN Y J, et al. A meta-model for representing system-of-systems ontologies[C]//Proc. of the IEEE/ACM 6th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems, 2018.
28	GASEVIC D, DJURIC D, DEVEDZIC V. Model driven engineering and ontology development[M]. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media, 2009.
29	IDEAS GROUP. International defence enterprise architecture specification [EB/OL]. [2025-04-01]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDEAS_Group.
30	Object Management Group. United architecture framework (UAF) domain metamodel[R]. Washington: Object Management Group, 2021.
31	ARP R, SMITH B, SPEAR A D. Building ontologies with basic formal ontology[M]. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015.

元模型	扩展自UAF元模型
愿景	Vision
战略阶段	Actual enterprise phase
战略阶段具有愿景	Phase
任务	Enterprise mission
战略阶段具有使命	Composition
任务达成指标	Measurement set
任务指标目标值	Measurement

元模型	扩展自UAF元模型
能力	Capability
战略能力	Capability
作战能力	Capability
装备能力	Capability
组织能力	Capability

元模型	扩展自UAF元模型
作战概念	—
作战构想	—
作战样式	Operational activity
作战方案	Operational architecture
作战兵力编成	Operational performer
作战行动	Operational activity action
作战任务	Operational activity
任务指标	Measurement set
作战行动条件	Actual condition
作战场景	Actual condition
交战规则	Operational constraints
双方情况	Actual condition
环境	Actual condition
地缘政治	Geopolitical extent type
地理位置	Actual location
自然环境条件	Actual environment

元模型	扩展自UAF元模型
功能活动	Function
功能指标	Measurement set
功能实现条件	Actual condition
人员活动	Function
装备功能活动	Function
功能动作	Function action
装备动作	Function action
人员动作	Function action

元模型	扩展自UAF元模型
兵力资源	Capability configuration
建制单位	Organization
组织架构	Organization
装备资源	Resource artifact
岗位	Post
角色	—

Ontology and meta-model for developing model-based operational system of systems architecture

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 17

References 31

Related Articles 10

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Cheng CHEN, Xiangrui ZHANG, Zhongyuan YANG, Huawei ZHOU, Qin HE, Can HAN. Modeling and analysis approach for actual combat requirements of warships based on DoDAF [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(10): 3389-3400.
[2]	Nuanchen WANG, Xiaolong WANG, Ge MU, Xinjin LI. Construction of equipment system knowledge graph based on meta-model [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(7): 2374-2382.
[3]	Jun MA, Jingyu YANG, Xi WU. Evaluation of operational system of systems effectiveness based on pre-clustering active semi-supervised learning [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(6): 1889-1896.
[4]	Jun MA, Jingyu YANG, Liyan ZOU. Generation method of operational system of systems capability graph based on Stacking integrated meta-model [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(1): 154-163.
[5]	XU Jianguo, LI Mengjun, JIANG Jiang, LI Minghao. Supernetwork modeling and structure analyzing for warning combat system [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 40(5): 1043-1049.
[6]	LI Ming-hao, YANG Ke-wei, XU Jian-guo, TAN Yue-jin. Model-driven rapid modeling and analysis methodology for crisis incidents [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2016, 38(9): 2055-2064.
[7]	LI Kang, LI Xin-ming, LIU Dong. Modeling method for weapon system of systems structure based on semantic meta-model [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2015, 37(11): 2503-2512.
[8]	TAN Xian-si,ZHU Gang,WANG Hong,BI Hong-kui,GAO Ting3. Joint demonstration meta-model based on IDEAS [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2015, 37(1): 85-92.
[9]	LIU Juan,TANG Su-yan,LI Qun,WANG Wei-ping. Research and application of an ontology for aircraft route planning [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2010, 32(6): 1258-1262.
[10]	DENG Hai-song，MA Yi-zhong，SHAO Wen-ze. Variable selection for regression splines using hierarchical sparseness prior [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2010, 32(12): 2725-2729.