空间非合作目标非接触式电磁消旋方法综述

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.01.26

Abstract

Abstract:

A large number of residual uncooperative space targets endanger the safety of satellites on-obit. To avoid the potential collision risk, it is particularly important to conduct a de-tumbling operation of the target before capturing. Aiming at how to de-tumble the rotational speed of the targets, the contactless electromagnetic de-tumbling methods at home and abroad are systematically investigated. Firstly, the principle of the electromagnetic de-tumbling and two typical motion forms of rotating uncooperative space targets are introduced. Next, a qualitative analysis is conducted on the advantages and feasibility of this electromagnetic de-tumbling methods. Then, the contactless electromagnetic de-tumbling methods are classified, and the latest de-tumbling methods and key technologies are analyzed in detail from the aspects of non-uniform/uniform static magnetic field and mechanical/electromagnetic rotating magnetic field. Further, the methods of calculating the de-tumbling torque and the related control technologies are sorted out. Finally, the future development direction of the electromagnetic de-tumbling methods is proposed.

Key words: uncooperative space target, contactless, electromagnetic de-tumbling method, de-tumbling torque

CLC Number:

V442

Lei DU, Zhen CHEN, Hengzai HU, Qiang ZHANG, Xiangdong LIU, Kemo ZHANG. Overview of contactless electromagnetic de-tumbling method for uncooperative space target[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(1): 254-267.

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结构名称	常用材料	优点	用途
板材、厚板材、拉伸管、挤压管、挤压棒材、型材、锻件、冷加工棒材、柳钉、线材等	铝合金(有色金属)	具有质轻、较高的比强度、成型工艺性及耐蚀性良好、成本低等优点, 铝合金技术是国防科技关键技术及重点发展的基础技术	多级火箭的燃料槽与航天器零件、焊接氧化剂槽、航天器蒙皮、端框、内部承力支架、铝蜂窝夹层面板、直属件等
	钛合金(有色金属)	具有高比强度、耐腐蚀、优良的低温力学性能, 已成为宇航工业中广泛普及的重要结构金属材料	压力容器、仪器绑带、燃料贮箱、紧固件、支撑件、航天器壳体、整流罩球形气瓶、架构等
	镁锂合金(有色金属)	具有超轻、高比强度、高比模量、优异的刚性、良好的导电导热性能电磁屏蔽性与可焊性。若能有效利用丰富的镁资源, 发展高端镁合金产品, 有望成为未来新一代航天装备的备选材料	航天器的防护罩、航天气瓶内衬、电器仪表的框架如计算机设备外壳、线路板盒、人工数据键盘的基板与支架等
	碳纤维等(复合材料)	承担主承力和次承力结构的主要功能。由于具有优异的力学性能和良好的工艺性使其在航天产品中获得广泛应用, 正逐步取代传统金属材料成为主要结构材料	航天器的承力筒、舱体壁板、太阳翼基板、遥感器镜筒、相机支架、天线及其他衍架结构件

电磁消旋方法		优点	缺点/解决办法	适用场景
静止磁场	非均匀磁场	1. 能适应不同大小的目标 2. 对作业距离无要求	存在偏移和排斥效应, 需要两个相对放置装置协同消旋	1. 对于小目标, 对消旋平台形式无要求 2. 对于大目标, 宜采用双星单臂机载消旋平台
静止磁场	均匀磁场	避免偏移和排斥效应, 消旋过程稳定	1. 配置所需磁场条件严苛, 对于大目标不适用, 需要考虑线圈的体积、重量等因素 2. 对姿轨控制提出挑战	1. 适宜近距离处作业 2. 对于小目标, 对消旋平台形式无要求; 对于大目标, 适宜单星单臂
旋转磁场	机械式旋转磁场	电磁消旋装置和旋转目标之间较大的相对速度, 能增大消旋转矩, 有效提高消旋效率	1. 机械动力装置需持续机动, 功耗高 2. 对姿轨控制要求高 3. 目标有反向加速风险	1. 适宜在近距离处作业 2. 适宜消旋小目标或可避开大物理附件的目标
旋转磁场	电磁式旋转磁场	电磁消旋装置和旋转目标之间较大的相对速度, 能增大消旋转矩, 有效提高消旋效率	1. 控制器的存在, 增加了控制系统的复杂性 2. 当旋转磁场与目标转速方向不同时, 需持续观测目标速度, 以防出现反向加速风险	1. 对于消旋装置在目标一侧的结构, 宜消除携带大物理附件的目标 2. 对于线圈在目标周围的结构, 宜消除小目标

Overview of contactless electromagnetic de-tumbling method for uncooperative space target

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