复杂低空空地无线信道测量与分析

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.12.33

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to improve the reliability and effectiveness of small and medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicle in complex, low-altitude and long-distance communication, the channel characteristics such as root mean square delay spread (RMS-DS) and Rice K factor in complex and low-altitude scenarios are measured and analyzed, and the corresponding probability density function model is established. A complex and low-altitude scene composed of mountains, buildings and many trees is selected, and real channel measurement activities at 2.4 GHz frequency are conducted. Through a large number of data acquisition and fitting analysis, we conclude that the channel's RMS-DS is normally distributed with the cumulative distribution function of Rice K factor. Based on the tapped delay line (TDL) model and the analysis of measured data, a model suitable for complex and low-altitude air-to-ground wireless channel is constructed, and the simulation result proves that the proposed model can achieve the target channel characteristics well. The results provide a strong support for improving the performance of small and medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicle in complex, low-altitude and long-distance communication.

Key words: channel measurement, complex and low-altitude, root mean square delay spread (RMS-DS), Rice K factor

CLC Number:

TN929.5

Kuncan YU, Xin XIANG, Pengyu DONG, Peng WANG. Measurement and analysis of complex low-altitude air-to-ground wireless channel[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(12): 4238-4247.

Figures/Tables 21

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References 31

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参数	设置值
中心频率/GHZ	2.4
符号速率/M	9.8
符号间隔/ns	102.00
信号带宽/MHz	13.72
采样率/MHz	29.40

多径个数	距离/km
多径个数	2.5	4.5	5.4
1	0.10	15.20	0.60
2	2.60	62.50	11.50
3	25.90	22.30	20.50
4	30.80	0.00	23.50
5	11.60	0.00	18.90
6	9.10	0.00	10.30
7	4.70	0.00	5.80
8	3.60	0.00	3.70
9	2.60	0.00	2.70
10	2.60	0.00	0.70
11	1.50	0.00	0.70
12	1.90	0.00	0.60
13	1.90	0.00	0.30
14	0.60	0.00	0.10
15	0.40	0.00	0.10
16	0.10	0.00	0.00

第i径(i=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)	归一化幅值/dB	时延/ns	分布
1	1	0	莱斯分布
2	0.053 9	102	瑞利分布
3	0.012 4	816	瑞利分布
4	0.012 6	1 734	瑞利分布
5	0.010 6	5 304	瑞利分布
6	0.014 8	5 712	瑞利分布

第i径(i=1, 2, 3)	归一化幅值/dB	时延/ns	分布
1	1	0	莱斯分布
2	0.038 6	102	瑞利分布
3	0.011 4	204	瑞利分布

第i径(i=1, 2, 3, 4)	归一化幅值/dB	时延/ns	分布
1	1	0	莱斯分布
2	0.047 9	102	瑞利分布
3	0.112	1 122	瑞利分布
4	0.016 2	8 976	瑞利分布

Measurement and analysis of complex low-altitude air-to-ground wireless channel

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References 31

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参数	距离/km	第1径	第2径	第3径	第4径	第5径
σ	2.5	0.354	18.658	25.232	22.844	16.771
σ	4.5	0.221	26.965	15.292	-	-
σ	5.4	0.015	24.475	24.847	21.675	-

参数	实测数据	仿真数据
平均过量时延/ns	180.91	178.31
RMS-DS/ns	1 121.39	1 073.63
莱斯K因子/dB	12.72	13.13
多径(中位数)	4	4

参数	距离/km
参数	2.5	4.5	5.4
最大值	3 132.04	1 137.06	3 172.61
中位值	615.65	264.14	1 121.39
平均值	780.67	238.31	1 124.25
标准差	701.10	21.67	641.50

分布	距离/km
分布	2.5	4.5	5.4
正态分布	0.974 7	0.994 9	0.958 0
T位置尺度分布	0.982 8	0.385 6	0.957 9
广义极值分布	0.978 4	0.167 0	0.951 3
指数分布	0.973 8	0.903 4	0.875 3
逻辑分布	0.925 9	0.809 0	0.963 8

参数	距离/km
参数	2.5	4.5	5.4
均值	779.890	202.090	1 117.510
标准差	701.096	264.140	641.495

参数	距离/km
参数	2.5	4.5	5.4
最大值	20.74	26.37	20.86
最小值	3.45	11.16	5.66
中位数	9.96	21.37	12.72
均值	10.24	20.17	13.25
方差	7.88	14.49	9.87
标准差	2.81	3.81	3.14