水下航行器的磁异常探测技术

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.08.01

Abstract

Abstract:

Magnetic anomaly detection technology holds significant application value in target detection for underwater vehicles. To address the challenge of effectively extracting magnetic anomaly signals in sea wave noise interference, a joint detection method combining improved Kalman filtering and orthogonal basis decomposition is proposed. Firstly, a composite magnetic model of an underwater vehicle in arbitrary navigation is constructed through numerical simulation to generate simulated magnetic anomaly signals. Secondly, a magnetic anomaly detection dataset superimposed with sea wave noise is developed by integrating a finite-depth multilayer seawater magnetic field noise model, seawater conductivity data, and sea wave spectrum characteristics. Subsequently, an improved Kalman filtering algorithm is employed to effectively suppress sea wave noise and enhance signal quality. Finally, the orthogonal basis decomposition method is utilized to achieve efficient detection of magnetic anomaly signals. The results demonstrate that in conditions with a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately ?15 dB and a detection platform speed below 60 m/s, the proposed method maintains a high detection probability, verifying its robustness in complex sea wave noise environments.

Key words: magnetic anomaly detection, sea wave noise, improved Kalman filtering, orthogonal basis decomposition, complex marine environment

CLC Number:

O 411.3

Hongjuan ZHOU, Longqing CUI, Tao JIN, Zhiquan ZHOU, Chenxu WANG. Magnetic anomaly detection technology for underwater vehicle[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(8): 2511-2519.

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地磁场强度/nT	地磁倾角/（°）	地磁偏角/（°）
42364	20.5	−2.1

磁矩	M₀	M₁	M₂	M₃	M₄	M₅
$M_x $	−5 433	−8 025	−6 795	−5 464	4 051	−2 634
$M_y $	41 634	42 126	41 263	41 295	42 183	43 905
$M_z $	−16 185	−15 148	−16 283	−16 566	−15 885	−14 127

海况等级	信噪比/dB
海况等级	滤噪前	CKF后	IKF后
4	−2.6	3.7	10.4
5	−16.1	−11.4	−8.8
6	−25.1	−21.7	−18.4

信噪比/dB	检测概率/%
信噪比/dB	滤噪前	CKF滤噪后	IKF滤噪后
0	100	100	100
−15	13.7	61.2	99.7
−25	1.3	1.3	1.5

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Magnetic anomaly detection technology for underwater vehicle

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