产品维修性设计的系统工程方法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.05.30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了在产品设计中系统、全面、准确地反映用户需求,提高维修性要求与产品设计特征之间的关联性,提出维修需求到维修性要求再到产品设计特征的规范化映射方法。通过对用户需求陈述的处理和基于启发式问题的分析,进行用户需求识别;基于系统工程方法,展开维修性设计分析;运用质量功能展开法,进行用户需求向设计要素的转换。将该方法用于某无人机通用操控席位的操作台维修性设计,为生成符合用户需求的系统布置方案提供了权衡依据,在减少设计差错的同时提升了需求转换的精度与效率,验证了方法的可行性。

关键词: 维修性设计, 需求分析, 产品设计特征, 质量功能展开, 系统工程方法

Abstract:

In order to reflect the user's requirements systematically, comprehensively and accurately, and improve the relationship between maintenance requirements and product design characteristics, a standardized mapping method with maintenance requirements, maintainability requirements and product design characteristics is proposed. Firstly, the user's requirements are identified through the processing of the user's statement and the analysis based on heuristic questions. Then, the analysis of the maintenance design is performed based on the systems engineering method. Finally, the user's requirements are converted to design elements by the quality function deployment(QFD).The method is applied to the maintainability design of the console of the universal unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control seat for providing a trade-off basis for generating a system layout that meets user's requirements, and the result shows that this method improves the design accuracy and efficiency while reducing the design errors in requirement converting. The feasibility of this method is verified.

Key words: maintainability design, requirements analysis, product design characteristic, quality function deployment (QFD), systems engineering method

中图分类号:

周振愚, 钱跃竑, 刘毅. 产品维修性设计的系统工程方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(5): 1197-1204.

Zhenyu ZHOU, Yuehong QIAN, Yi LIU. Systems engineering method in product maintainability design[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(5): 1197-1204.

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	用户需求	①	②	③	④	⑤	⑥
使用阶段	任务时间		√
	待命时间				√
	维修时间	√	√	√	√	√	√
维修活动	机务准备	√	√			√	√
	预防性维修	√		√	√
	修复性维修	√	√	√	√	√	√
维修级别	基层级	√	√	√	√	√	√
	中继级
	基地级
维修保障资源	维修人员	√	√	√	√	√	√
	维修器材	√	√	√	√	√	√
	维修设施		√		√		√
	技术资料	√					√

用户需求	标准化的需求	类型	揭示的隐含需求
①	最简化计算机板卡及线缆拆装	真实需求	最大化可维护性,最少化维修工时,最小化维修人员,最大化设备完好
②	最简化设备调试及维修	真实需求
③	有序铺设线缆	实现方式
④	最少化单个设备拆装时间	真实需求
⑤	具备良好的操作台接近及维修空间	真实需求	工作时间,最优化维修效率
⑥	进行基层级维修时,最小化维修工作量	真实需求	工作时间,最优化维修效率

用户需求	①	②	③	④	⑤	⑥
需求权重	0.25	0.15	0.25	0.15	0.1	0.1

用户需求	可达性	可视性	防差错措施	识别标记	维修安全	检测诊断准确	人因工程	操作空间	维修通道	平均修复时间/h	平均系统恢复时间/h
①	5	5	3	3	3	3	3	5	3	5	5
②	5	5	1	1	1	3	1	3	3	5	5
③	3	5	5	5	1	3	0	3	3	5	5
④	5	5	0	0	3	1	3	5	5	3	5
⑤	3	3	3	3	1	3	1	3	3	5	5
⑥	5	5	3	3	1	3	3	3	3	5	5
相对重要度	0.101 8	0.110 4	0.071 6	0.072 1	0.069 8	0.084 6	0.079 4	0.101 1	0.080 1	0.114 3	0.114 8

维修性要求	外形尺寸	设备布置	紧固方式	线缆铺设	故障检测
可视性	5	3	0	3	0
可达性	5	5	0	3	0
防差错措施	1	3	0	5	0
识别标记	1	3	0	3	0
维修安全	3	3	3	1	0
检测诊断	1	3	0	3	5
人因工程	3	3	3	1	0
操作空间	5	3	3	3	0
维修通道	3	3	0	5	0
平均恢复时间/h	3	5	1	3	5
平均系统恢复时间/h	3	5	1	3	5
相对重要度	0.217	0.272	0.121	0.218	0.172