In distributed image simulation system, each subsystem has a strong heterogeneity. How to ensure the reliability, realtime and interoperability of data transmission among subsystems through network is a challenging problem. This paper proposes to use data distributed service (DDS) to build a distributed image quality processing enhancement simulation system, which includes five subsystems made up of system control, image simulation, process improvement, performance evaluation and visualization. DDS can not only integrate relatively independent five subsystems into a whole system through information network, but also realize the realtime data transmission of large images. The experimental results show that DDS has lower transmission delay, packet loss rate and higher throughput, compared with the traditional transmission control protocol/internet protocol protocol in terms of network transmission performance (transmission delay, throughput, packet loss rate). Finally, the function test of image quality enhancement simulation system is realized through DDS, which verifies that DDS technology can effectively solve the problem of realtime data interaction under the distributed condition.