宽带白噪声对无人机辐照效应与防护

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.03.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了评估无人机在空间复杂电磁环境下的工作状态，建立无人机场-线联合仿真模型，开展宽带白噪声辐照实验。仿真得到无人机典型互连线缆在电磁辐照下的耦合电压；实验得到4种辐照场景下，无人机在不同干扰频偏和带宽压制比的宽带白噪声作用时的失锁阈值。分析无人机失锁阈值变化规律，揭示了宽带白噪声对无人机的耦合路径，提出电磁防护加固措施并验证了其有效性。研究结果表明：宽带白噪声的作用效果与其干扰频偏、带宽压制比、入射角度和极化方向均有关系。当带宽压制比大于0.6时，前门耦合作用效果明显；当带宽压制比降低到0.6以下时，后门耦合起主要作用。极化方向和入射角度是影响后门耦合的主要因素。

关键词: 宽带白噪声, 辐照法, 耦合路径, 电磁防护加固

Abstract:

To evaluate the working state of the unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） in the complex electromagnetic environment of the battlefield, a UAV field-line co-simulation model is established, and a wideband white noise irradiation experiment is carried out. The coupling voltage of the typical interconnection cables of the UAV is obtained by simulation, and the loss-of-lock threshold of the UAV with different interference frequency offsets and bandwidth suppression ratios under four irradiation scenarios is obtained by experiment. The variation law of the loss-of-lock threshold of the UAV is analyzed, and the coupling path of the wideband white noise to the UAV is revealed. The electromagnetic protection reinforcement measures are proposed and its effectiveness is verified. The results show that the effect of wideband white noise is related to interference frequency offset, bandwidth suppression ratio, incident angle and polarization direction. When the bandwidth suppression ratio is greater than 0.6, the front door coupling effect is obvious. When the bandwidth suppression ratio is reduced to less than 0.6, the back door coupling plays a major role. The polarization direction and incident angle are the main factors affecting the backdoor coupling.

Key words: wideband white noise, irradiation method, coupling path, electromagnetic protection reinforcement

中图分类号:

TN 972

李延松, 赵敏, 陈亚洲. 宽带白噪声对无人机辐照效应与防护[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(3): 770-778.

Yansong LI, Min ZHAO, Yazhou CHEN. Wideband white noise irradiation effect on UAV and its protection[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(3): 770-778.

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线缆类型	长度/mm	线缆数/根	外径和内径/mm
三绞线	220.0	4	1.75×1.1
双绞线	200.0	4	1.5×1.1
同轴线	293和325	2	1.5×1.0×0.5
排线	47.67	1	0.8×0.5
单线	41.14	1	2.0×1.4

等级	效应现象	现象描述
0级	无影响	未观察到现象或者可忽略
1级	图像信号微弱	图像画面模糊，延迟较高
2级	图像传输丢失	图像丢失，下行链路中断
3级	无人机迫降	上行链路中断，自主降落

带宽压制比k	FV	FH	SH	SV
0.1	37.55	84.20	22.45	131.0
0.2	32.55	64.52	32.55	131.0
0.4	11.70	25.70	11.70	56.87

无人机类型	FV	FH	SH	SV
防护加固	9.28	41.50	48.64	16.07
未防护加固	2.17	13.17	7.87	2.75
差值	7.11	28.33	40.77	13.32