基于参数特征映射的多站时差测量实现

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.11.04

Abstract

Abstract:

In modern positioning system, traditional time difference measurement methods are often constrained by factors such as signal modulation types, noise interference, and the complexity of hardware implementation, making it difficult to maintain high accuracy and real-time performance. To address these issues, this paper presents a time difference measurement method for multi-station positioning systems based on parameter characteristic mapping. In this approach, the master station detects and generates a reference signal, which is then broadcasted to each substation. Based on this reference signal, each station completes the time difference measurement using frequency domain cross-correlation algorithm. This method effectively improves the accuracy of time difference measurement, such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals and frequency shift keying-phase shift keying (FSK-PSK) hybrid modulation signals. This paper presents the hardware implementation of the time difference measurement method based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). Real-time dynamic compression method is adopted to reduce FPGA algorithm resources by 50%. Parabolic fitting method is used to improve the accuracy of time difference measurement.Data transmission method based on parameter feature mapping is employed to ensure the completeness of data from multiple stations, avoid data loss and redundancy, while reducing the amount of data transmission by 95%. Simulation and experimental test results show that when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is equal to or more than 5 dB, the time difference measurement accuracy for PSK modulation signals is better than 5 ns. For edge-transition modulation signals, the accuracy of time difference measurement remains relatively unchanged as the pulse rising edge width increases. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the method are validated in field tests and flight experiments, providing strong support for the practical application of high-precision multi-station time difference positioning system.

Key words: multi-station locating system, parameter characteristics mapping, time difference measurement, cross correlation, modulation signal

CLC Number:

TN971

Wangjie CHEN, Weiqiang ZHU, Zhenhong FAN, Jian LIU. Realization of multi-station time difference measurement based on parameter characteristics mapping[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(11): 3621-3630.

Figures/Tables 19

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FPGA资源类型	优化前使用值	优化后使用值	优化比例/%
寄存器Slice Registers	38 056	23 020	39.5
查找表Slice LUTs	28 761	16 250	43.5
存储器Block RAMs	85	43	49.4
乘法器DSP48 E1	99	49	50.5

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Realization of multi-station time difference measurement based on parameter characteristics mapping

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Figures/Tables 19

References 42

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输入位宽	截位模式(输出位宽=输入位宽)				不截位模式(全精度输出)
输入位宽	输出位宽	乘法器DSP48E1	存储器BlockRAMs	寄存器SliceRegisters	输出位宽	乘法器DSP48E1	存储器BlockRAMs	寄存器SliceRegisters
8	8	17	6	1 678	21	17	9	1 829
12	12	17	6	1 934	25	28	10	2 181
16	16	17	6	2 242	29	34	14	3 543
20	20	25	8	2 604	33	45	16	3 900
24	24	25	8	2 912	37	61	17	4 114
28	28	34	10	3 634	41	68	19	4 474
32	32	34	10	4 212	45	71	22	5 715
34	34	34	10	4 408	47	74	23	5 938