基于MBSE的对流层飞艇运行概念研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.03.26

Abstract

Abstract:

In the face of the particularity of tropospheric airship complex takeoff and landing process and weak meteorological adaptability, the traditional text-based approach concept of operation (ConOps) analysis has some limitations such as poor design consistency, ineffective design traceability and difficult verification. Based on this, the model-based system engineering (MBSE) method for ConOps of tropospheric airship is proposed. At first, a association relationships between system use cases and stakeholder requirements is established to ensure the traceability of the design. Then, based on the activity diagram, sequence diagram and internal block diagram, the airship operation scene model is established, and the execution logic and external interaction relationship of airship operation are sorted out in detail. The state executing machine model is implemented to verify the model of ConOps and further complement and refine the stakeholder requirements. Finally, the unmanned airship system is validated by executing a state machine to meet the needs of stakeholders such as mission flight, flight control, and emergency response.

Key words: model-based system engineering (MBSE), tropospheric airship, concept of operation, requirement management

CLC Number:

Zhibing CHEN, Heng WU, Zhanhu LUO, Jianguo WANG. Research on the concept of operation for tropospheric airship based on MBSE[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(3): 1004-1012.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

References 31

1	贾玉红. 航空航天概论[M]. 5版北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2022.
	JIA Y H . Introduction to aeronautics and astronautics[M]. 5th ed. Beijing: Beihang University Press, 2022.
2	RAYMER D P . Aircraft design: a conceptual approach[M]. 6th ed. Reston: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992.
3	KOSSIAKOFF A , SEYMOUR S J , FLANIGAN D A , et al. Systems engineering principles and practice[M]. Hoboken: Wiley, 2020.
4	KORFIATIS P, CLOUTIER R, ZIGH T. Graphical CONOPS development to enhance model-based systems engineering[C]//Proc. of the Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference, 2012: 19-23.
5	ANYANHUN A I, EDMONSON W W. An MBSE conceptual design phase model for inter-satellite communication[C]//Proc. of the IEEE Annual International Systems Conference, 2018.
6	FAIRLEY R E , THAYER R H . The concept of operations: the bridge from operational requirements to technical specifications[J]. Annals of Software Engineering, 1997, 3 (1): 417- 432.
7	HABERFELLNER R , NAGEL P , BECKER M , et al. Systems engineering[M]. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019.
8	ANYANHUM A I , ANZAGIRA A , EDMONSON W W . Intersate-llite communication: an MBSE operational concept for a multi-orbit disaggregated system[J]. IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems, 2020, 1 (1): 56- 65. doi: 10.1109/JMASS.2020.3001080
9	DOUGLASS B P . Agile systems engineering[M]. Waltham: Morgan Kaufmann, 2015.
10	KRUPA G P . Application of agile model-based systems engineering in aircraft conceptual design[J]. The Aeronautical Journal, 2019, 123 (1268): 1561- 1601. doi: 10.1017/aer.2019.53
11	LISCOUET H S, MOHAN B R, NELSON P J, et al. Evaluating a model-based systems engineering approach for the conceptual design of advanced aircraft high-lift system architectures[C]//Proc. of the Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute AERO Conference, 2017.
12	任炳轩, 卢艺, 傅山, 等. 基于MBSE的民机功能需求辨识与确认[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41 (9): 2016- 2024.
	REN B X , LU Y , FU S , et al. Identification and verification of civil aircraft functional requirements through MBSE[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41 (9): 2016- 2024.
13	梅芊, 黄丹, 卢艺. 基于MBSE的民用飞机功能架构设计方法[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2019, 45 (5): 1042- 1051.
	MEI Q , HUANG D , LU Y . Design method of civil aircraft functional architecture based on MBSE[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019, 45 (5): 1042- 1051.
14	王文浩, 毕文豪, 张安, 等. 基于MBSE的民机系统功能建模方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43 (10): 2884- 2892. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.10.23
	WANG W H , BI W H , ZHANG A , et al. Function modeling method of civil aircraft system based on MBSE[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43 (10): 2884- 2892. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.10.23
15	CUI Z Y , LUO M Q , ZHANG C , et al. MBSE for civil aircraft scaled demonstrator requirement analysis and architecting[J]. IEEE Access, 2022, 10, 43112- 43128. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3168837
16	LAUKOTKA F , HANNA M , KRAUSE D . Digital twins of product families in aviation based on an MBSE-assisted approach[J]. Procedia CIRP, 2021, 100, 684- 689. doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2021.05.144
17	HU X , ARISTA R , LENTES J , et al. Ontology-centric industrial requirements validation for aircraft assembly system design[J]. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2022, 55 (10): 3016- 3021. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.191
18	ZHU S F , JIAN T , GAUTHIER J M , et al. A formal approach using SysML for capturing functional requirements in avionics domain[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2019, 32 (12): 2717- 2726. doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2019.03.037
19	海晓航. 基于MBSE的民机起落架系统建模与仿真分析[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2018.
	HAI X H. Modeling and validation of civil aircraft landing gear based on MBSE[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
20	CHANG S, WANG Y. Civil aircraft IVHM system analysis using model-based system engineering[C]//Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on Reliability Systems Engineering, 2017.
21	MHENNI F , CHOLEY J Y , NGUYEN N , et al. Flight control system modeling with SysML to support validation, qualification and certification[J]. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2016, 49 (3): 453- 458. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.076
22	MARSHALL J, FERGUSON R, ASSADZADEH L. Using model-based systems engineering structures for onboard spacecraft electronics[C]//Proc. of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2018.
23	LU J Z , WANG J Q , CHEN D J , et al. A service-oriented tool-chain for model-based systems engineering of aero-engines[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6, 50443- 50458. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2868055
24	范秋岑, 毕文豪, 张安, 等. 民用飞机高度控制系统MBSE建模方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44 (1): 164- 171.
	FAN Q C , BI W H , ZHANG A , et al. MBSE modeling method of civil aircraft altitude control system[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44 (1): 164- 171.
25	CRAWLEY E , CAMERON B , SELVA D . System architecture: strategy and product development for complex systems[M]. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall Press, 2015.
26	BORKY J M , BRADLEY T H . Effective model-based systems engineering[M]. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018.
27	JACKSON S . Systems engineering for commercial aircraft[M]. London: Routledge, 2016.
28	贺东风, 赵越让, 郭博智, 等. 中国商用飞机有限责任公司系统工程手册[M]. 3版上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2019.
	HE D F , ZHAO Y R , GUO B Z , et al. COMAC systems engineering manual[M]. 3th ed. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2019.
29	HOFFMANN H P . Systems engineering best practices with the rational solution for systems and software engineering[M]. New York, United States: IBM Corporation, 2011.
30	DELLIGATTI L . SysML distilled: a brief guide to the systems modeling language[M]. Upper Saddle River: Addison-Wesley, 2013.
31	DONG X M , HAN Y , WANG Z S , et al. Modeling design of military equipment operational concepts by MBSE[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2022, 17 (5): 314- 322.

利益攸关者	利益攸关者需求
投资方	无人飞艇应能搭载任务载荷
投资方	无人飞艇应能按预定或选定航路飞行
投资方	无人飞艇应能提供飞行参数、系统参数、导航参数、告警等信息显示
投资方	无人飞艇应提供与地面的通讯链路, 保证上行与下行数据实时稳定传输
用户	无人飞艇在贮存、停放和飞行时, 应能承受规定的各种环境条件
用户	无人飞艇应支持快速充放氦气
用户	无人飞艇应能在平整草地、压实硬质平整地面或水泥混凝土地面上起降
运营保障	无人飞艇应支持足够的设备安装和维护空间
运营保障	无人飞艇应能根据任务需求, 在不同区域间转场运输, 且地面站等配套设施可打包运输至预定区域
运营保障	采取机械措施防止安装错误
适航局方	无人飞艇应满足适航条例要求

运营人员	职能介绍
总指挥	负责航路规划、运营和保障调度等, 具有任何条件下的最高决策权
飞艇遥控手	主要负责飞艇起降阶段的遥控飞行
地面控制站	负责无人飞艇、载荷和链路控制
地面组长	负责地面牵引指挥
气象员	负责天气监测与空域申请
飞艇拉绳员	在牵引过程中负责拉牵引绳
吊舱扶舱员	移动无人飞艇和辅助飞艇配重
车辆驾驶员	负责驾驶牵引系留车
系留锁操作员	负责无人飞艇头锥系留
液压操作员	负责操作液压绞车
结构工程师	负责无人飞艇软结构维护和检查
机械工程师	负责无人飞艇硬结构维护和检查
电气工程师	负责无人飞艇电气系统维护和检查
动力工程师	负责无人飞艇动力系统维护和检查
空管	负责空中交通管制
拍摄目标	无人飞艇航拍对象
场外危险源	包括航空器、鸟群、建筑物、高山等在内阻碍飞行的危险源
消防救援	在发生危险事故时, 负责场外救援

阶段	定义
地面锚泊	无人飞艇处于地面约束状态, 进行检查与维护工作
地面牵引	无人飞艇在约束状态下两点间的牵引移动
解系	无人飞艇从系留装置上解开系留
系锁	无人飞艇在非系留状态, 被操控到与系留装置上锁系留
起飞	无人飞艇从起飞点开始到达起飞安全高度
着陆	无人飞艇下滑至着陆安全高度, 至接地停止
起飞爬升	无人飞艇从起飞安全高度爬升至起飞爬升高度, 推力矢量转为0°位置
航路爬升	无人飞艇从起飞爬升高度爬升到巡航高度
任务飞行	无人飞艇从到达巡航高度开始, 直至开始下降之前的过程
任务中断	无人飞艇在任务执行过程中, 出现通讯中断等意外情况时停止任务的过程
下降	无人飞艇从巡航高度下降到进场高度的过程
进近	无人飞艇从到达进场高度开始, 直至下滑到着陆安全高度的过程
起飞中断	无人飞艇在达到安全高度之前, 由于故障、错误操作或外部原因取消起飞的过程
复飞	包括中断着陆和着陆复飞

[1]	Haoliang REN, Jianchao ZHANG, Huichuan CHENG. Modeling and analysis method of weapon equipment system capability requirements based on SysML [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(9): 2843-2851.
[2]	Jinyan GAO, Luyuan WANG, Zhongshi PAN, Humei WANG. MBSE architecture modeling of Mars maintenance and management device [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(5): 1441-1450.
[3]	Xinfeng WU, Qibo PENG, Ran HUANG, Jinglin LI. Escape and rescue strategy of launch vehicle ascending section based on MBSE [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(4): 1121-1126.
[4]	Wanbin LIAO, Yunfeng CAO, Xinyao WANG. DSL building for requirement analysis of complex system [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(11): 3443-3454.
[5]	Delin LI, Wenhao BI, An ZHANG, Qiucen FAN. MBSE-based process management in the development of civil aircraft [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(8): 2209-2220.

Research on the concept of operation for tropospheric airship based on MBSE

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 13

References 31

Related Articles 5

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments