系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 2041-2051.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.09.20

• 传感器与信号处理 • 上一篇    下一篇

大型低轨星座部署对空间碎片环境的影响分析

沈丹1,2,3(), 刘静1,2()   

  1. 1. 中国科学院国家天文台, 北京 100101
    2. 国家航天局空间碎片监测与应用中心, 北京 100101
    3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-10 出版日期:2020-08-26 发布日期:2020-08-26
  • 作者简介:沈丹(1991-),女,博士研究生,主要研究方向为空间碎片碰撞预警、空间碎片环境长期演化建模。E-mail:shendan@bao.ac.cn|刘静(1970-),女,研究员,博士,主要研究方向为空间碎片预警和应用、空间碎片监测。E-mail:liujing@bao.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11503044)

Analysis of the impact of large LEO constellation deployment on the space debris environment

Dan SHEN1,2,3(), Jing LIU1,2()   

  1. 1. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
    2. Space Debris Observation and Data Application Center, China National Space Administration, Beijing, 100101
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049
  • Received:2019-10-10 Online:2020-08-26 Published:2020-08-26

摘要:

为分析大型低轨(low Earth orbit, LEO)星座部署对未来空间碎片环境的影响,本文利用空间碎片环境长期演化模型(space objects long-term evolution model, SOLEM)研究了大型星座卫星数量、质量、面积、部署高度及任务后处置(post mission disposal, PMD)策略等因素对碰撞次数和碎片数量的影响。分析可知,卫星数量和面积主要影响碰撞次数,而卫星质量主要影响由碰撞产生的新增碎片数量。在满足任务条件下,可综合考虑三者关系选取最合适方案。同时,星座部署在1 100 km高度对空间碎片环境影响较大,在遵守25年规则的前提下应将PMD成功率提升至95%以上。

关键词: 空间碎片环境, 大型低轨星座, 碰撞, 空间碎片环境长期演化模型

Abstract:

In order to analyze the impact of large low Earth orbit (LEO) constellation deployment on the future space environment, the space object long-term evolution model (SOLEM), is used to study the impact of the factors such as the number, the mass, the area, the orbit altitude of satellites and the post mission disposal (PMD) in large constellations on the number of collisions and debris. The analysis shows that the important factors affecting the collision are the number and area of satellites, while the main factor affecting the number of the new debris generated by collisions is the satellite mass. However, under the condition of satisfying the task, operators can consider the relationship of these three factors comprehensively to select the most appropriate plan. At the same time, it has a great impact on the space debris environment when deploying at 1 100 km and the success rate of PMD should be increased to more than 95% on the premise of complying with the 25-year rule.

Key words: space debris environment, large low Earth orbit (LEO) constellation, collision, space object long-term evolution model (SOLEM)

中图分类号: